CH 7-8 Flashcards
overweight
body weight that exceeds the recommended guidelines for good health
obesity
body weight that greatly exceeds the recommended guidelines
healthy body weight is defined as…
one that achieves a healthy BMI, body compositions with a healthy amount of body fat, fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness, and the absence of any medical conditions that suggest a potential benefit from weight loss or gain
Body mass index(BMI)
a measure of your weight relative to your height
body fat is essential for
vital hormone function
healthy ranges of body fat(non-athletic)
8-24 percent for men, 21-35 percent for women
healthy ranges of body fat(athletic)
5-10 percent for men, 15-20 percent for women
excess body fat
what appears to be the cause of increased health risk
most accurate methods of measuring body composition
immersion and DXA
central obesity
fat carried around and above the waist
obesity affects lifespan by
shortening them and making them less healthy
Overweight BMI
30 and over
to gain weight in a healthy manner
you should engage in physical activity that emphasizes weight training
issues that can occur when you have too much body fat
increased risk of heart disease and chronic low-level inflammation
abdominal fat
associatiated with high cholesterol levels
obese people are at increased risk for
high blood pressure and coronary heart disease
if both parents are obese…
you have a greater likelihood of being obese
factors associated with good health
absence of any medical conditions that would suggest a need for weight loss, an acceptable body mass index, and fat distribution that does not pose any risk for illness
things that can improve body composition and reduce the risk of obesity later in life
avoidance of sugar-sweetened beverages, maintenance of regular sleep patterns, and breastfeeding
to gain weight, you should eat
energy dense foods such as nuts and fish
obesogenic environment
means that components of our environment can make it harder for us to establish health dietary and physical activity patterns
energy balance
relationship of the intake calories to the consumption of calories through metabolism and movement
during puberty, men and women will have a difference in body fat of…
about 10%
thermic effect of food
an estimate of the amount of energy required to process the food an individual eats
Weight gain is _____ (relationship between energy balance and weight)
positive energy balance
Weight loss is _____ (relationship between energy balance and weight)
negative energy balance
Weight maintenance is _______ (relationship between energy balance and weight)
energy in is the same as the energy out
How many pounds per week is considered healthy?
1-2 pounds
fad diets
typically follow a pattern of altering the balance of carbs, protein, and fat
Which programs follow evidence-based guidelines and have demonstrated safely and success over 12 months with weight loss?
Weight watchers, Jenny Craig, and Optifast
T or F; manufacturers are dietary supplements must submit proof of their safety and efficacy to the FDA prior to sale
False
basal metabolic rate
the rate at which the body uses energy to maintain basic life functions
The size acceptance movement is also known as the ____ and ____ movement
fit and fat
Because a pound of body fat stores about this many calories, you will need to decrease your total calorie intake for the week by this same number to lose one pound of weight
3,500
Reducing the time spent in sedentary activities could mean less time doing what?
watching television and riding in cars
Fad diets typically label products as good or bad, and they often typically:
prescribe foods that allegedly burn fat, and require the elimination of one of the basic food groups
Popular weight management organizations, such as Jenny Craig, Overeaters anonymous, TOPS, and Weight Watchers all:
include education and weekly support
The size acceptance movement aims to change the focus of health from weight loss to weight ______
management
Local governments can promote healthy foods by…
setting aside land for community gardens, making loans cheaper for supermarkets in underserved areas, and providing tax breaks for stores selling healthy food
What is linked to establishing a healthier lifestyle?
150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical exercise every week, and eating a balanced diet
Body image is strongly influenced by ______
sociocultural
A positive body image is associated with the following…
possessing a broad concept of beauty, healthy eating behaviors, and tending to self-care
How do women generally feel when they see advertising that portrays women as thin?
the advertising makes them feel dissatisfied with themselves
To combat obesity, the U.S. surgeon general has challenged schools to:
promote healthy, balanced meals
The term “body image” refers to:
the mental representation you have of your own body
Compared with women of other ethnicities, _______ women have historically been the most prone to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders
white
disordered eating behaviors include:
restrictive dieting, skipped meals, occasional binge eating and purging, laxative abuse, and other unhealthy behaviors
binge eating disorder
been recognized as a psychological disturbance that is associated with weight fluctuation and obesity
anorexia nervosa
carries the highest death rate of all psychiatric diagnoses and all eating disorders
percentages of college students who report disordered eating
50-60 for women, 10-50 for men
Eating disorders for men are less widely recognized than eating disorders among women because:
people often consider eating disorders to be a female problem
How does the media portray female beauty?
as an object of physical desire
T or F; anorexia nervosa is characterized by binge eating
false
leading causes of anorexia-related death
suicide, cardiac arrest, and electrolyte imbalance
disordered eating behaviors often involve the severe restriction of _____
calories
muscle dysmorphia
is a subcategory of body dysmorphic disorder
How does cosmetic surgery affect people?
It can make people less self-conscious by removing an unusual growth or feature, but it can cause health issues immediately or much later
Which complication of anorexia is irreversible, particularly when it occurs in adolescence?
bone loss
What is the first step in treatment of severe eating disorders?
to medically stabilize the patient’s weight
Body dysmorphic disorder is characterized by a person’s preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in a person’s _____
appearance
What is the prevalence of tattoos in the United States?
An estimated 30% of adults have them; among college students, body art is no longer seen as a form of rebellion
A disorder in which a person perceives himself as being insufficiently muscular, no matter his size, is called _______ _______
muscle dysmorphia
The treatment for exercise disorders is similar to that of _______ _______
eating disorders
A risk of cosmetic surgery is that it:
might not address the psychological issues that prompted the person to have the surgery
T or F; Campus programs and policies that ensure food access may reduce disordered eating patterns
True
What is typically performed in the second phase of treatment for an eating disorder?
psychotherapy, nutritional rehabilitation and education, behavioral relearning and modification
What is the goal of “Love your Body Day”
to challenge narrow cultural body ideals
Who used navel piercing as a sign of royalty?
Egyptians
On college campuses, who can be trained to watch for signs that students are having challenges with the transition to college life?
Coaches, professors, and residence advisors
What is “The Body Positive”?
it supports campuses in creating environments that support self-compassion, healthy eating, and healthy body image; it creates opportunities for students to access and develop skills in yoga, meditation, or mindfulness
