CH 12 Flashcards
What are the benefits associated with adequate prenatal care?
Babies are more likely to be born at a healthy weight; women are less likely to drink and smoke during pregnancy
birth control pills
for individuals who are mostly concerned with preventing pregnancy
a form of birth control that involves the avoidance of sexual intercourse
abstinence
IUD
the most effective nonpermanent contraceptive option
hormonal methods of contraception
transdermal patch; oral contraceptives; vaginal ring
What sort of care are people with planned pregnancies more likely to receive compared to people having unintended pregnancies?
prenatal
what is a contraceptive that alters the biochemistry of a woman’s body?
hormonal method
best type of contraception for protecting yourself against STDs
male condoms
advantages of hormonal contraceptive methods
easy to use; can reduce menstrual cramping; limited side effects; can improve acne; they do not permanently alter fertility
What is the only guaranteed way to prevent pregnancy and STDs?
abstinence
main advantage of using a long-acting reversible contraceptive(LARC)?
once in place, uses do not have to do anything for years
contraceptives that are designed to prevent ovulation and that make it more difficult for sperm to reach an egg if ovulation does occur are:
hormonal methods
disadvantages of hormonal contraceptives
can cause headaches and mood changes
barrier methods(of contraception)
physically separates the sperm from the female reproductive tract
examples of barrier methods of contraception
male condom; diaphragm; contraceptive sponge
spermicide
a chemical agent to kill sperm
what is the only form of contraception proven to decrease the risk of contracting an STD?
male condom
female barrier methods
diaphragms
diaphragm
a contraceptive device consisting of a circular rubber dome that is placed over the cervix before intercourse
coitus interruptus
withdrawal of the penis
examples of barrier methods of contraception
diaphragm; contraceptive sponge; male condom
emergency contraception
a birth control method that is used after unprotected sexual intercourse
fertility-based awareness methods rely on ______________ during the fertile phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle
avoiding intercourse
surgical methods of contraception
the most common type of contraception worldwide; available for both men and women
male condom
a sheath, commonly made of latex, that covers the erect penis during sexual intercourse
early signs/symptoms of a normal pregnancy
fatigue, slight vaginal bleeding, and breast tenderness
important factors to consider when deciding whether or not to become a parent
whether or not you feel financially secure; if your romantic relationship has unresolved problem; if you are not emotionally prepared to sacrifice freedoms
within what time frame should emergency contraception be taken to be most effective?
72 hours
closed adoption
an adoption that provides privacy and confidentiality and in which the biological parents do not select their child’s adoptive parents
another term for a spontaneous abortion
miscarriage
What percent of married heterosexual couples attempting pregnancy are considered to have infertility?
6 percent
an adoption in which the biological parents select the adoptive parents and are able to maintain a relationship with the child is known as an:
open adoption
What is true about surgical methods of contraception?
they are the most common type of contraception worldwide, and they are available for both men and women
at what age(for the mother) does pregnancy pose the least physical heath risk for mother and baby?
18-35
a woman who smokes, uses drugs, or drinks alcohol…
… will be encouraged to quit those behaviors before becoming pregnant
elective abortion
the voluntary termination of a pregnancy
infertility
the inability to become pregnant after not using any form of contraception during sexual intercourse for 12 months
pregnancy before the age of ___ increases the change of the babu being born early and at low birth weight
18
typical parts of prepregnancy counseling
an evaluation of current health status; a review of medications; a review of family health history
pregnant women should monitor their intake of fish and shellfish due to possible contamination with _________
mercury
booster Tdap vaccinations can help fight the bacterium that causes ________ _______
whooping cough
sudden infant death syndrome
the unexpected death of a healthy infant during sleep
leading causes of infant death in the postpartum period
low birth weight; preterm birth; sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)
fetal period
the period from the end of the eighth week after conception to birth
Which foods should pregnant women avoid due to the risk of foodborne infection?
smoked fish; raw fish; feta cheese
Two vaccinations that are especially important prior to getting pregnant
rubella and hepatitis B
(T/F) babies who live in homes with adults who smoke have a higher chance of SIDS
True
ultrasound
imaging technology commonly used to obtain an image of the fetus within the uterus
embryonic period
week two to week eight of a pregnancy
What are the milestone associated with prenatal development during the embryonic period(2-8)?
the heart has started to function, and the placenta has formed
methods used to screen for prenatal abnormalities
ultrasound imaging and amniocentesis
labor contractions involve muscles of the ______
uterus
which conditions are evaluated in the quick measure of a baby’s physical condition at birth?
heart rate; muscle tone; color
postpartum period
the first few months following childbirth
(T/F) Breast milk does not adequately supply all of a baby’s nutritional needs
False
What is the rating system used to evaluate a baby’s physical condition at birth?
the Apgar scale
(T/F) In addition to growth and nutrition, a baby’s emotional attachment is an important issue during the postpartum period
true
Benefits of breastfeeding
it contributes to postpartum pregnancy weight loss for the mother; it can decrease the mother’s risk of ovarian and breast cancer after menopause; it decreases the chance of infant infections
