CH 1 Flashcards
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
physical health
the biological integrity of an individual
mental health
emotion and intellectual capabilities, or and individual’s sense of well-being
social health
the ability of an individual to interact effectively with other people and the social environment
spiritual health
the idea that people’s value systems can have an impact on their overall health
socioecological model of health
identifies the complex levels and interrelationships that influence your health
life expectancy
the number of years a person can expect to live
health disparities
differences in health outcomes between specific populations, such as between racial or ethnic groups
health equity
occurs when all people have the equal opportunity to attain their full health potential
ethnicity
refers to the sense of identity individuals draw from a common ancestry, as well as from common national, religious, tribal, language, and cultural origins
race
a term used to describe ethnic groups based on physical characteristics such as skin color or facial features
how many times more likely are black women to die in childbirth?
2.5 compared to non hispanic white women, and 3.5 compared to hispanic women
many racial minorities have higher rates of ________?
covid 19, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infant mortality, alcoholism, drug abuse, unintentional injury, and premature death
third leading cause of death in 2020
covid-19
public health
a discipline that focuses on the health of populations of people
health promotion
actions designed to maintain a current health state or to encourage a more desirable one
disease prevention
defensive actions to ward off specific diseases and their consequences
community
an interdependence between people and organizations within a defined region
community health
activities directed toward improving the health of people, or activities employing resources shared by the members of the community
the health-belief model
a framework developed in the 1950s to understand why people make the health choices they do
precontemplation
in this stage, you have no motivation to change a behavior.
contemplation
in this stage, you realize you have a problem behavior
preparation
the pros win and you plan for change
relapse
the rule rather than the exception, all you can do is keep trying and don’t get discouraged
health-literacy
the ability to read, understand, and act on health information
misinformation
information that is contrary to the consensus of the science community
disinformation
coordinated and deliberate efforts to circulate known false information for financial, power, or reputational gains
health risk
the probability that exposure to a hazard can result in negative consequences
Formal studies: basic medical research
typically conducts work on a cellular level or in animals
Formal studies: epidemiological studies
using interviews, surveys, and measurements to study large groups of people(cohorts)
Formal studies: clinical studies
studying people who have received a particular treatment, screening, diagnostic test, or other intervention
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
where the entire set of genetic instructions is stored
genome
the complete set of a person’s DNA
differentiation
the process of the cells in our body becoming specialized and taking on different functions
stem cells
unspecialized cells
mutation
copies of chromosomes being slightly different because every so often changes occur in a gene
alleles
alternatives forms of a gene(one comes from each parent)
multifactorial disorders
health conditions caused by interactions among one or more genes
family health tree
a visual representation of your family’s genetic history
