CH 1

Question 1

health

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Question 2

physical health

Answer 2

the biological integrity of an individual

Question 3

mental health

Answer 3

emotion and intellectual capabilities, or and individual’s sense of well-being

Question 4

social health

Answer 4

the ability of an individual to interact effectively with other people and the social environment

Question 5

spiritual health

Answer 5

the idea that people’s value systems can have an impact on their overall health

Question 6

socioecological model of health

Answer 6

identifies the complex levels and interrelationships that influence your health

Question 7

life expectancy

Answer 7

the number of years a person can expect to live

Question 8

health disparities

Answer 8

differences in health outcomes between specific populations, such as between racial or ethnic groups

Question 9

health equity

Answer 9

occurs when all people have the equal opportunity to attain their full health potential

Question 10

ethnicity

Answer 10

refers to the sense of identity individuals draw from a common ancestry, as well as from common national, religious, tribal, language, and cultural origins

Question 11

race

Answer 11

a term used to describe ethnic groups based on physical characteristics such as skin color or facial features

Question 12

how many times more likely are black women to die in childbirth?

Answer 12

2.5 compared to non hispanic white women, and 3.5 compared to hispanic women

Question 13

many racial minorities have higher rates of ________?

Answer 13

covid 19, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, infant mortality, alcoholism, drug abuse, unintentional injury, and premature death

Question 14

third leading cause of death in 2020

Answer 14

covid-19

Question 15

public health

Answer 15

a discipline that focuses on the health of populations of people

Question 16

health promotion

Answer 16

actions designed to maintain a current health state or to encourage a more desirable one

Question 17

disease prevention

Answer 17

defensive actions to ward off specific diseases and their consequences

Question 18

community

Answer 18

an interdependence between people and organizations within a defined region

Question 19

community health

Answer 19

activities directed toward improving the health of people, or activities employing resources shared by the members of the community

Question 20

the health-belief model

Answer 20

a framework developed in the 1950s to understand why people make the health choices they do

Question 21

precontemplation

Answer 21

in this stage, you have no motivation to change a behavior.

Question 22

contemplation

Answer 22

in this stage, you realize you have a problem behavior

Question 23

preparation

Answer 23

the pros win and you plan for change

Question 24

relapse

Answer 24

the rule rather than the exception, all you can do is keep trying and don’t get discouraged

Question 25

health-literacy

Answer 25

the ability to read, understand, and act on health information

Question 26

misinformation

Answer 26

information that is contrary to the consensus of the science community

Question 27

disinformation

Answer 27

coordinated and deliberate efforts to circulate known false information for financial, power, or reputational gains

Question 28

health risk

Answer 28

the probability that exposure to a hazard can result in negative consequences

Question 29

Formal studies: basic medical research

Answer 29

typically conducts work on a cellular level or in animals

Question 30

Formal studies: epidemiological studies

Answer 30

using interviews, surveys, and measurements to study large groups of people(cohorts)

Question 31

Formal studies: clinical studies

Answer 31

studying people who have received a particular treatment, screening, diagnostic test, or other intervention

Question 32

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 32

where the entire set of genetic instructions is stored

Question 33

genome

Answer 33

the complete set of a person’s DNA

Question 34

differentiation

Answer 34

the process of the cells in our body becoming specialized and taking on different functions

Question 35

stem cells

Answer 35

unspecialized cells

Question 36

mutation

Answer 36

copies of chromosomes being slightly different because every so often changes occur in a gene

Question 37

alleles

Answer 37

alternatives forms of a gene(one comes from each parent)

Question 38

multifactorial disorders

Answer 38

health conditions caused by interactions among one or more genes

Question 39

family health tree

Answer 39

a visual representation of your family’s genetic history