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Health AHS 111-004 > CH 13-14 > Flashcards

CH 13-14 Flashcards

1
Q

What causes infection?

A

microorganisms

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2
Q

chain of infection

A

the process by which an infectious agent, or pathogen, passes from one organism to another

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3
Q

viruses

A

some of the smallest and most numerous pathogens, consisting of a genome and a capsid and being unable to reproduce on their own

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4
Q

physical barriers to pathogens

A

skin, hair, and mucous membranes

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5
Q

immune system

A

the complex set of cells, chemicals, and processes that protects the body against pathogens when they succeed in entering the body

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6
Q

autoimmune disease

A

a condition in which the immune system attacks the body

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7
Q

cilia

A

tiny hairlike structures that protect the lungs by rhythmically pushing foreign particles up and out of the lungs

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8
Q

pandemic

A

when a disease spreads to many countries and territories

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9
Q

How many organisms are associated with food-related illness?

A

more than 250

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10
Q

antibiotic

A

a drug that works by killing or preventing the growth of bacteria

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11
Q

outbreak

A

an event in which two or more people become sick from the same foodborne pathogen after having eaten the same food or eaten at the same location

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12
Q

whooping cough

A

the respiratory tract infection that is caused by the pertussis bacterium and transmitted by inhaling respiratory droplets from an infected person’s sneeze

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13
Q

What is the most common vaccination controversy?

A

the belief that vaccines cause autism

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14
Q

Harmful effects of severe or prolonged diarrhea

A

malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances

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15
Q

AIDS acronym

A

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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16
Q

STIs

A

infections that are spread from one person to another predominantly through sexual contact

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17
Q

Chlamydia

A

it is the most commonly reported bacterial STI; rates of infection are increasing in the United States

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18
Q

transactional sex participants

A

the type of sexual partners that are more likely to expose a person to an STD

19
Q

viral STDs

A

vaccines are an option in some cases; symptoms of STIs can be treated; viral STIs cannot be cured

20
Q

T or F; behavioral patterns continue to influence the spread of disease

A

True

21
Q

atherosclerosis

A

the process by which arteries become hard and stiff as a result of too much pressure

22
Q

What causes coronary artery disease?

A

atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply blood to the heart

23
Q

What causes trichomoniasis?

A

a protozoan

24
Q

Recommended practices to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases

A

avoid touching your face or mouth; wash your hands frequently; cover your cough

25
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

thickening of a part of the heart

26
Q

What causes congestive heart failure?

A

when the heart is not pumping as well as well as it should

27
Q

What causes high triglyceride levels?

A

alcohol consumption; excess body fat

28
Q

How many people have diabetes but are undiagnosed?

A

an estimated 9.8 million

29
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

treated with insulin

30
Q

What is homocysteine?

A

an amino acid that circulates in the blood and may damage the lining of the blood vessels

31
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

a cluster of interrelated factors that significantly increase the risk of developing diabetes and other health complications

32
Q

exercise stress

A

a test that evaluates how well the heart functions during strenuous activity

33
Q

Percentage of the US that has been diagnosed with diabetes

A

10.4%

34
Q

Cause of Type 1 diabetes

A

the destruction of insulin-producing cells

35
Q

What characterizes all chronic lung diseases?

A

airway obstruction and shortness of breath

36
Q

Factors that increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes

A

socioeconomic status; family history

37
Q

The two most common chronic lung diseases

A

asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

38
Q

vascular dementia

A

caused by cerebrovascular disease

39
Q

The number one most common chronic lung condition

A

asthma

40
Q

cause of gestational diabetes

A

hormonal changes affect how the body responds to insulin

41
Q

the two components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

emphysema; chronic bronchitis

42
Q

most common cause of dementia

A

Alzheimer’s disease

43
Q

How is dementia diagnosed?

A

memory and brain function tests, possibly augmented by CT or MRI

Health AHS 111-004 (12 decks)

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