CH 13-14 Flashcards
What causes infection?
microorganisms
chain of infection
the process by which an infectious agent, or pathogen, passes from one organism to another
viruses
some of the smallest and most numerous pathogens, consisting of a genome and a capsid and being unable to reproduce on their own
physical barriers to pathogens
skin, hair, and mucous membranes
immune system
the complex set of cells, chemicals, and processes that protects the body against pathogens when they succeed in entering the body
autoimmune disease
a condition in which the immune system attacks the body
cilia
tiny hairlike structures that protect the lungs by rhythmically pushing foreign particles up and out of the lungs
pandemic
when a disease spreads to many countries and territories
How many organisms are associated with food-related illness?
more than 250
antibiotic
a drug that works by killing or preventing the growth of bacteria
outbreak
an event in which two or more people become sick from the same foodborne pathogen after having eaten the same food or eaten at the same location
whooping cough
the respiratory tract infection that is caused by the pertussis bacterium and transmitted by inhaling respiratory droplets from an infected person’s sneeze
What is the most common vaccination controversy?
the belief that vaccines cause autism
Harmful effects of severe or prolonged diarrhea
malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances
AIDS acronym
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
STIs
infections that are spread from one person to another predominantly through sexual contact
Chlamydia
it is the most commonly reported bacterial STI; rates of infection are increasing in the United States
transactional sex participants
the type of sexual partners that are more likely to expose a person to an STD
viral STDs
vaccines are an option in some cases; symptoms of STIs can be treated; viral STIs cannot be cured
T or F; behavioral patterns continue to influence the spread of disease
True
atherosclerosis
the process by which arteries become hard and stiff as a result of too much pressure
What causes coronary artery disease?
atherosclerosis in the arteries that supply blood to the heart
What causes trichomoniasis?
a protozoan
Recommended practices to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases
avoid touching your face or mouth; wash your hands frequently; cover your cough
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
thickening of a part of the heart
What causes congestive heart failure?
when the heart is not pumping as well as well as it should
What causes high triglyceride levels?
alcohol consumption; excess body fat
How many people have diabetes but are undiagnosed?
an estimated 9.8 million
Type 1 diabetes
treated with insulin
What is homocysteine?
an amino acid that circulates in the blood and may damage the lining of the blood vessels
metabolic syndrome
a cluster of interrelated factors that significantly increase the risk of developing diabetes and other health complications
exercise stress
a test that evaluates how well the heart functions during strenuous activity
Percentage of the US that has been diagnosed with diabetes
10.4%
Cause of Type 1 diabetes
the destruction of insulin-producing cells
What characterizes all chronic lung diseases?
airway obstruction and shortness of breath
Factors that increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes
socioeconomic status; family history
The two most common chronic lung diseases
asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
vascular dementia
caused by cerebrovascular disease
The number one most common chronic lung condition
asthma
cause of gestational diabetes
hormonal changes affect how the body responds to insulin
the two components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
emphysema; chronic bronchitis
most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer’s disease
How is dementia diagnosed?
memory and brain function tests, possibly augmented by CT or MRI
