Ch. 7 Flashcards
Who was the first person to use a light microscope?
Robert Hooke
Who named cells? How did he/she name them?
Robert Hooke;
He observed a cork under a microscope and the chambers he saw reminded him of monasteries in a church
Who was the first person to use a microscope to study nature?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
State the Cell Theory.
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
What are the four basic cell structures?
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Describe the cell membrane in three words.
Thin,
Flexible,
Barrier
What is a cell wall? What does it do? What is it made of?
Strong layer around the cell membrane;
It supports and protects the cell and helps maintains homeostasis as well as regulates the the flow of materials in and out of the cell;
Cellulose (fiber in our diet)
Where is the nucleus located in a cell? What is its function(s)?
The center of a cell;
Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell’s activities
Describe the cytoplasm.
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell (not including the nucleus)
What are the two categories of cells?
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
List the similarities and differences of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
EUKARYOTES- yes nucleus; plants, animals, and fungi
PROKARYOTES- no nucleus; bacteria
BOTH- yes cell membrane, yes cytoplasm
What are organelles?
Specialized organs of the cell;
“little organs”
What are the two major parts of the eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus and cytoplasm work together
Who was the first person to see organisms in water?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Describe he nuclear envelope.
Surrounds the nucleus;
Composed of two membranes;
Allows material to move into and out of the nucleus
What is chromatin? What does it do?
A granular material that you can see in the nucleus;
Condenses to form chromosomes;
Consists of DNA bound protein;
Spread throughout the nucleus
What do chromosomes contain?
Genetic information that is passed from one generation fo cells to the next
Describe the nucleolus.
The small, dense region in the nucleus;
Where the ribosomes begin
Describe ribosomes.
Proteins are assembled on ribosomes;
Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
An internal membrane system where lipid parts of the cell membrane are assembled
