Ch. 1 Test Flashcards
What does science start with?
observations
Describe the two types of observation.
QUANTITIVE
includes numbers or counting
QUALITATIVE
does not include numbers or counting
What is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter?
spontaneous generation
What is a controlled experiment?
An experiment in which one variable is changed at a time
What is a deliberately changed variable?
manipulated variable
What is the variable that is observed and changed in response to the manipulated variable?
responding variable
What is it called when a hypothesis becomes so well supported?
theory
What are the eight characteristics of living things?
- they are made up of cells
- they reproduce
- they are based on a universal genetic code
- they grow and develop
- they obtain and use energy
- they respond to their environment
- they maintain a stable internal internal environment
- take as a group, they can change over time
List and describe the two types of cells.
UNICELLULAR
made up of a single cell
MULTICELLULAR
consist of 2 or more cells
List three facts about cells.
- they are the smallest units alive
- they are highly organized and complex
- they can grow, respond to their surroundings, and grow
What are the two types of asexual reproduction?
- a single celled organism divides in half to form two new organisms
- a portion of an organism breaks off and a new organism is formed
What is the goal of science?
to investigate and understand the natural world,
to explain events in the natural world,
to use those explanations to make useful predictions
Why do scientists need a common system of measurement?
because researchers need to replicate each other’s experiments
When collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do most scientists use?
metric system
What is the metric system?
a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10
1,000 meters = 1 ________.
kilometer
1 liter = ________ milliliters.
1,000
1 gram = ________ milligrams.
1,000
1,000 kilograms = 1 ________.
metric ton
When scientists collect data, what are they often trying to find out?
whether certain factors changed or remained the same
What does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data?
it makes patterns much easier to recognize and understand
What are microscopes?
devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye
What are compound light microscopes?
they allow light to pass through the specimen and use 2 lenses to form an image
How do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful?
they can show specific structures in the cell
What are the two main types of electron microscopes?
Transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes
Compare how a TEM and a SEM produce images.
TEM- reveal a wealth of detail inside the cell
SEM-produce realistic and often dramatic, three-dimensional images of the surfaces
How must samples be prepared for observation by an electron microscope?
they must be dehydrated before placed inside the microscope
A group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a what?
cell culture
What technique do biologists use to separate one part of the cell from the other part of the cell?
cell fractionation
What is the single most important rule for your safety while working in a laboratory?
always follow your teacher’s instructions and the textbooks directions exactly
What is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world?
science
What is the process fo gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way?
observation
What is the information gathered from observations?
data
What is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience?
inferece
What is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations?
hypothesis
What is the study of living things?
biology
What is a collection of living matter and is protected?
cell
What is it called when 2 cells from different parents unite to produce the 1st cell of a new organism?
sexual reproduction
What is it called when a organism divides in half to form 2 new organisms?
asexual reproduction
What is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials?
metabolism
