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9 Biology > Ch. 1 Test > Flashcards

Ch. 1 Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does science start with?

A

observations

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2
Q

Describe the two types of observation.

A

QUANTITIVE
includes numbers or counting
QUALITATIVE
does not include numbers or counting

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3
Q

What is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter?

A

spontaneous generation

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4
Q

What is a controlled experiment?

A

An experiment in which one variable is changed at a time

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5
Q

What is a deliberately changed variable?

A

manipulated variable

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6
Q

What is the variable that is observed and changed in response to the manipulated variable?

A

responding variable

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7
Q

What is it called when a hypothesis becomes so well supported?

A

theory

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8
Q

What are the eight characteristics of living things?

A
  • they are made up of cells
  • they reproduce
  • they are based on a universal genetic code
  • they grow and develop
  • they obtain and use energy
  • they respond to their environment
  • they maintain a stable internal internal environment
  • take as a group, they can change over time
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9
Q

List and describe the two types of cells.

A

UNICELLULAR
made up of a single cell
MULTICELLULAR
consist of 2 or more cells

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10
Q

List three facts about cells.

A
  • they are the smallest units alive
  • they are highly organized and complex
  • they can grow, respond to their surroundings, and grow
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11
Q

What are the two types of asexual reproduction?

A
  • a single celled organism divides in half to form two new organisms
  • a portion of an organism breaks off and a new organism is formed
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12
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

to investigate and understand the natural world,
to explain events in the natural world,
to use those explanations to make useful predictions

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13
Q

Why do scientists need a common system of measurement?

A

because researchers need to replicate each other’s experiments

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14
Q

When collecting data and doing experiments, what system of measurement do most scientists use?

A

metric system

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15
Q

What is the metric system?

A

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10

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16
Q

1,000 meters = 1 ________.

A

kilometer

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17
Q

1 liter = ________ milliliters.

A

1,000

18
Q

1 gram = ________ milligrams.

A

1,000

19
Q

1,000 kilograms = 1 ________.

A

metric ton

20
Q

When scientists collect data, what are they often trying to find out?

A

whether certain factors changed or remained the same

21
Q

What does a graph of data make easier to recognize and understand than a table of data?

A

it makes patterns much easier to recognize and understand

22
Q

What are microscopes?

A

devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

23
Q

What are compound light microscopes?

A

they allow light to pass through the specimen and use 2 lenses to form an image

24
Q

How do chemical stains make light microscopes more useful?

A

they can show specific structures in the cell

25
Q

What are the two main types of electron microscopes?

A

Transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes

26
Q

Compare how a TEM and a SEM produce images.

A

TEM- reveal a wealth of detail inside the cell

SEM-produce realistic and often dramatic, three-dimensional images of the surfaces

27
Q

How must samples be prepared for observation by an electron microscope?

A

they must be dehydrated before placed inside the microscope

28
Q

A group of cells grown in a nutrient solution from a single original cell is called a what?

A

cell culture

29
Q

What technique do biologists use to separate one part of the cell from the other part of the cell?

A

cell fractionation

30
Q

What is the single most important rule for your safety while working in a laboratory?

A

always follow your teacher’s instructions and the textbooks directions exactly

31
Q

What is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world?

A

science

32
Q

What is the process fo gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way?

A

observation

33
Q

What is the information gathered from observations?

A

data

34
Q

What is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience?

A

inferece

35
Q

What is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations?

A

hypothesis

36
Q

What is the study of living things?

A

biology

37
Q

What is a collection of living matter and is protected?

A

cell

38
Q

What is it called when 2 cells from different parents unite to produce the 1st cell of a new organism?

A

sexual reproduction

39
Q

What is it called when a organism divides in half to form 2 new organisms?

A

asexual reproduction

40
Q

What is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials?

A

metabolism

9 Biology (6 decks)

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