Ch 7

Question 1

1) ________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
A) Leadership
B) Management
C) Learning
D) Emotional labor
E) Motivation

Answer 1

E) Motivation

Question 2

2) According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower level need?
A) social-belongingness
B) safety-security
C) esteem
D) self-actualization
E) recognition

Answer 2

B) safety-security

Question 3

3) Which of the following is a motivational factor according to Herzberg’s two-factor theory?
A) quality of supervision
B) recognition
C) pay
D) relationships with others
E) company policies

Answer 3

B) recognition

Question 4

4) Which of the following statements is true according to McClelland’s theory of needs?

A) People with a high achievement need prefer tasks that have a high level of risk.

B) People with a high achievement need are interested in motivating others to do well.

C) People with a high need for power and affiliation often make good managers in large firms.

D) People with a high achievement need experience great satisfaction from success that comes by luck.

E) People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers.

Answer 4

E) People with a high need for power and a low need for affiliation often make the best managers.

Question 5

5) Which of the following theories proposes that people prefer to feel they have control over their actions, so anything that makes a previously enjoyed task feel more like an obligation than a freely chosen activity will undermine motivation?
A) self-serving theory
B) motivation-hygiene theory
C) two-factor theory
D) self-determination theory
E) goal setting theory

Answer 5

D) self-determination theory

Question 6

6) According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when ________.
A) goals are kept private
B) where feedback on the tasks is not given
C) when the individual has an external locus of control
D) goals are easy rather than difficult
E) goals are specific as opposed to general

Answer 6

E) goals are specific as opposed to general

Question 7

7) ________ refers to an individual’s belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
A) Emotional contagion
B) Affect intensity
C) Self-efficacy
D) Self-determination
E) Reinforcement

Answer 7

C) Self-efficacy

Question 8

8) Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is generally used by motivational speakers?
A) arousal
B) enactive mastery
C) focused training
D) vicarious modeling
E) verbal persuasión

Answer 8

E) verbal persuasión

Question 9

9) To get the best results while using reinforcement theory, rewards should be ________.
A) small and given only once
B) large and given at irregular intervals
C) given prior to the desired behavior response
D) given immediately following the desired behavior
E) presented publicly with a large number of witnesses

Answer 9

D) given immediately following the desired behavior

Question 10

10) In equity theory, individuals assess the ________.
A) cost-benefit ratio
B) efficiency-effectiveness trade-off
C) quantity-quality trade-off
D) outcome-input ratio
E) quality of outcome

Answer 10

D) outcome-input ratio

Question 11

11) Oscar is looking for a new job. He used to be the company’s top sales representative and was eagerly expecting to be promoted. However, one of the regional manager’s friends was promoted to district manager instead. According to the expectancy theory, Oscar’s dissatisfaction with his current job stems from a breakdown in the ________ relationship.
A) performance-reward
B) effort-performance
C) reward-personal goal
D) satisfaction-effort
E) personal goal-self actualization

Answer 11

A) performance-reward