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Neuroanatomy > Ch 7 > Flashcards

Ch 7 Flashcards

1
Q

neurons (nerve cells)

A

-receives info, processes it, and generates output

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2
Q

glial (glial cella or neuroglia)

A

-supporting roles

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3
Q

neurons typically comm using…

A

-electrical & chemical signals

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4
Q

electrical signals

A

-comm within neurons

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5
Q

chemical signals

A

-comm btwn neurons

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6
Q

neurons

A

-encased in a cell membrane (plasma membrane)

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7
Q

cytoplasm

A

-material inside the cell membrane; full of organelles

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8
Q

neurons primary parts

A

-dendrites > cell body > axon

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9
Q

cell body (soma or perikaryon)

A

-site for synthesis of nearly all the neuron’s enzymes, structural proteins, membrane components, organelles & some neurotransmitters

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10
Q

dendrites

A

-tapering extensions of cell body

-specialized to receive info

-increases surface area available for synaptic inputs

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11
Q

dendritic tree

A

-total array of neuron’s dendrites

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12
Q

dendrites pt 2

A

-info is transmitted distally proximally
-contains many of the same organelles as in cell body

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13
Q

dendritic spines

A

-spiky protuberances that are preferred sites for synaptic inputs

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14
Q

axon

A

-single output unit of a neuron; transmits action potentials from cell body distally
-can range from 1mm to 1 m

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15
Q

axon hillock

A

-gives rise to the initial segment

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16
Q

initial segment

A

-just distal to axon hillock; most electrically excitable part of neuron

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17
Q

cytoskeleton

A

-network of protein filaments contained w/ in nearly all parts of neurons that give neurons their shape & assist in transport w/in neuron

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18
Q

axonal transport

A

-active process by which cells send macromolecules & organelles along an axon
-can be fast or slow; anterograde or retrograde

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19
Q

fast anterograde transport

A

-material travels from cell body to presynaptic terminal along microtubules

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20
Q

fast retrograde transport

A

-material travels from terminal back to the cell body along microtubules

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21
Q

related clinical conditions to axonal, anterograde, and retrograde transport

A

-polio
-herpes
-chemotherapy
-alzheimers disease
-chronic traumatic encephalopathy

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22
Q

multi-polar

A

-have multiple dendrites and one axon
-designed to receive & accommodate large amounts of inputs

23
Q

bipolar

A

-have 2 primary processes that extend from cell body dendritic root and axon

24
Q

pseuounipolar

A

-subclass of bipolar neurons; appear to have signle projection from the cell body that div into two axonal roots and no true dendrites

25
Q

sensory neurons

A

-receptive to sensory input either directly or through connections with receptor cells

26
Q

motor neurons

A

-end on muscles, glands or other neurons

27
Q

interneurons

A

-located in small area in CNS

28
Q

projection neurons

A

-neurons in the CNS with long axons that project to another past of CNS

29
Q

synaptic transmission

A

-mechanism by which neurons comm with each other

30
Q

synapse

A

-a special zone of contact in which one neuron comm with another

31
Q

presynaptic element

A

-distal end of axon

32
Q

post synaptic

A

-part of another neuron

33
Q

synaptic cleft

A

-separation btwn the two elements

34
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

-containing neurotransmitters

-released from presynaptic element into the cleft

-bind to receptor sites in postsynaptic neuron

35
Q

axodendritic

A

-axon of one cell to dendrite of another

36
Q

axosomatic

A

-axon to soma

37
Q

axoaxonic

A

-axon to axon

38
Q

dendrodendritic

A

-dendrite to dendrite

39
Q

schwann cells

A

-the principal PNS glial
-1 internode

40
Q

satellite cells

A

-flattened schwann cells

-respond to injury of the nerve

-found in PNS

41
Q

astrocytes

A

-largest of the CNS glia; highly branched
-two types: protoplasmic & fibrous

42
Q

protoplasmic

A

-in gray matter

43
Q

fibrous

A

-in white matter

44
Q

astrocyte roles

A

-structural support

-can proliferate in response to CNS injury

45
Q

microglia

A

-smallest of the CNS glia
-injury activates microglia to migrate & clean up debris

46
Q

ependymal cells

A

-line the walls of ventricles and choroid plexus
-produce & secrete CSF

47
Q

gliomas

A

-tumors of glial cell origin
-tumors of the PNS usu of Schwann cell origin

48
Q

schwannoma

A

-usu encapsulated with no nerve fiber involvement; easily removed

49
Q

neurofibroma

A

-encapsulated but infiltrating nerves; difficult to remove

50
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

-demyelinating disease of the CNS
-autoimmune disease: body produces antibodies that attack oligodendrocytes

51
Q

multiple sclerosis pt 2

A

-destruction of oligodendrocytes produces patches of demyelination
-areas of demyelination are replaced by astrocytic plaques

52
Q

guillain-barre syndrome

A

-demyelinating disease of the PNS
-acute inflammation & demyelination of peripheral sensory (some) & motor (mostly) nerve fibers

53
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

-the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
-can produce several internodes on several different axons

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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