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Neuroanatomy > Ch 10 > Flashcards

Ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of sensory receptors

A

-specialized cells that detect special kinds of stimuli

-able to produce an electric response

-not neurons or glia

-located in a variety of places within the body. Some are at the body’s surface to detect external stimuli, some are within the body to monitor
internal organ functions.

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2
Q

chemoreceptors

A

-respond to chemicals

ex: taste, smell, and pH levels

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3
Q

photoreceptors

A

-responds to light

ex: vision (rods, cones)

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4
Q

thermoreceptors

A

-responds to temp

ex: cutaneous receptors

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5
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

-responds to physical deformation

ex: hair cells (hearing; vestibular); (cutaneous receptors)

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6
Q

nociceptors

A

-responds to pain

-can be chemical, thermal or mechanical

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7
Q

all receptors have three general parts

A

-receptive area

-area rich in mitochondria

-synaptic area

-they must transduce (change) a physical stimulus into an electrical signal called a receptor potential

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8
Q

receptor potential

A

-a graded (added up), local (restricted to one place in
the sensory receptor) electrical response of a sensory receptor

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9
Q

generator potential

A

-receptor cells can propagate an electrical signal in the form of an action potential

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10
Q

sensory sys

A

-broken up into parts
(special sensory & somatosensory aka gen sensory)

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11
Q

special sensory

A

-sensations experienced by special sensory structure

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12
Q

special sensory example

A

-vision, hearing, smell, taste and balance

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13
Q

somatosensory (gen sensory)

A

-sensations experienced by the skin & subcutaneous tissue, muscles tendons, joints, bones, and viscera

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14
Q

somatosensory (gen sensory) example

A

-tactile (touch, pressure, vibration, etc)

-proprioception (position sense)

-pain & temp

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15
Q

first step in somatosensation

A

-sensory stimulus (external or internal)

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16
Q

second step in somatosensation

A

-picked up by a specialized sensory receptor wehre stimulus is transduced into an electrical impulse

17
Q

third step in somatosensation

A

-receptor potential & sometime also an action potential

18
Q

fourth step in somatosensation

A

-info travels toward the CNS via the peripheral process of a psudounipolar sensory neuron whose cell body is in the dorsal root ganglion

19
Q

fifth step in somatosensation

A

-central process of pseudounipolar sensory neuron then transmits info to other parts of the CNS via various pathways & synapses

20
Q

higher density of receptors lead to

A

-better tactile discrimination

21
Q

better tactile discrimination

A

-lower 2 point discrimination value

22
Q

pain receptors

A

-Some nociceptors are specialized to detect specific types of stimuli, such as temperature, mechanical, or chemical signals

-Others are polymodal, meaning they can respond to multiple types of stimuli

-Pain serves a crucial role by alerting us to potential danger or injury.

23
Q

pain syndrome

A

-many different types
-congenital insensitivity to pain
-hyperalgesia/sensitization
-phantom limb pain
-neuralgia

24
Q

congenital insensitivity to pain

A

-sometimes with anhidrosis (no sweating; CIPA): children born without ability to
perceive pain

25
Q

hyperalgesia/sensitization

A

-enhancement of the sensation of pain
-pat on back after a sunburn

26
Q

phantom limb pain

A

-the experience of pain emerging from an amputated limb

27
Q

neuralgia

A

-severe persistent pain in the distribution of a cranial or
spinal nerve

28
Q

three coverings

A

-perineurium
epineurium
-endoneurium

29
Q

epineurium

A

-dense, loose connective layer enclosing each peripheral nerve

-continuous with dura mater

30
Q

perineurium

A

-lies within epineurium

-sheath of connective tissue continuous with arachnoid enclosing each bundle of nerve fibers

31
Q

endoneurium

A

-loose, delicate connection tissue within the perineurium

-indiv nerve fibers are enclosed

32
Q

joint receptor

A

-located in the joints

-detects joint position & and movemement

33
Q

golgi tendon organs

A

-able to detect & monitor muscle tension as a result of muscle contraction

-located at the junction btwn the muscles and the tendons

34
Q

muscle spindles

A

-attached to ordinary muscle fibers, so when they stretch muscle stretches

-allows us to detect both length of muscle at rest and rate of length change

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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