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Neuroanatomy > Ch 2 Flashcards > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

why learn about the development of the nervous sys

A

-helps us understand the adult nervous sys organization

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2
Q

why learn about the development of the nervous sys pt 2

A

-helps us understand some common congenital malformations & diversity in development

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3
Q

neurodevelopment

A

-billions of neurons are formed during neurogenesis
-they migrate to final destinations
-they begin making connections with other neurons

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4
Q

neural tube formation significance

A

-usu when mom’s don’t know that they’re pregnant; so if drugs/substances are used, it could cause great harm
-usu when miscarriage happens

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5
Q

atypical events during development

A

-genetic issues
-chromosomal issues
-infections
-exposure to meds
-chemicals or other agents
-the env

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6
Q

teratogens

A

-drugs or other agents that cause atypical development
-env, drugs, alcohol
-timing
-genetics of fetus or mother

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7
Q

atypical events

A

-nutrition
-stress
-maternal age
-paternal factors affecting sperm

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8
Q

craniorachischisis

A

-complete failure of neural tube to close (sides do not touch at all); incompatible with life

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9
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

-atypical formation of vertebral column only
-most mild type

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10
Q

meningocele

A

-herniation of the meninges only
-a little more severe

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11
Q

myelomeningocele

A

-herniation of the spinal cord & meninges
-very severe

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12
Q

alpha-fetoprotein

A

-normally produced by a fetus, and is used to screen for fetal abnormalities

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13
Q

holoprosencephaly

A

-partial or complete failure of the prosencephalon (forebrain) to separate into the diencephalon and telencephalon
-usu fatal

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14
Q

later fetal dev

A

-rapid growth is occurring and cells are moving in places that they should not be in

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15
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

-most common cause of intellectual disabilities and the leading preventable cause of congenital malformations

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16
Q

neural plate

A

-flat circle

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17
Q

neural groove

A

-the line in the middle

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18
Q

neural fold

A

-left and right side of the plate

19
Q

anencephaly

A

-failure of the head end of the tube to close resulting in absent cerebral hemispheres

20
Q

At the beginning of week ________ of development the two neural folds begin to fuse together at midline to form the beginning stages of the neural tube.

A

-week 3

21
Q

The zipping up for the neural tube starting from the center outward and completely closing by the end of week four is known as what?

A

-primary neurulation

22
Q

Which of the following eventually become many structures that lie within peripheral nervous system?

A

-neural crest cells

23
Q

The rhombencephalon divides into which secondary vesicles?

A

Metencephalon & Myelencephalon

24
Q

The prosencephalon divides into which secondary vesicles?

A

-telencephalon
-diencephalon

25
Q

The mesencephalon divides into which secondary vesicles?

A

-mesencephalon

26
Q

prosencephalon

A

-forebrain

27
Q

mesencephalon

A

-midbrain

28
Q

rhombencephalon

A

-hindbrain

29
Q

telencephalon

A

-cerebral hemispheres

30
Q

diencephalon

A

-thalamus/hypothalamus

31
Q

metencephalon

A

-pons, cerebellum

32
Q

pontine flexure

A

-pons, medulla

33
Q

myelencecephalon

A

-medulla

34
Q

cervical flexure

A

-brainstem
-spinal cord

35
Q

secondary vesicles

A

-occur in the 5th week

36
Q

flexure that stays the same in adulthood

A

-cephalic flexure

37
Q

alar plate

A

-sensory
-dorsal
-top part of circle

37
Q

basal plate

A

-motor
-ventral
-bottom part of circle

38
Q

ectoderm

A

-outside

38
Q

sulcus limitans

A

-point part in between the alar & basal plate

39
Q

endoderm

A

-inside

40
Q

mesoderm

A

-middle

41
Q

what happens in the fourth week?

A

-neural tube forms (brain, spinal cord)
-there are neural crest cells

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

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