Ch 1 Flashcards
dynamic sys theory
-any sys including the nervous sys
-can be studied at various levels of analysis
microscopic
-small
ex: molecules & cells in the nervous sys
mesoscopic
-intermediate (btwn micro and macro)
-groups of cells linked together in various sys
macroscopic
-bigger picture
-the whole human interacting with their env
distributed control
-at any one time, the nervous sys coordinated many different activities
ex: taking notes in the classroom
adaptation
-the human sys is able to change which can lead to changes in behavior; can be shaped by the env
neuro-occupation
-reciprocal relationship btwn the nervous sys and occupation
localization of fxn
-particular structures in the nervous sys can loosely be tied to particular fxns
topographical organization
-the brain can loossely be compared to a map
-mapped based on the fxn of the brain
brodmann’s areas
-classification sys which uses numbers to label indiv
hemispheric specialization
-each hemisphere of the brain is connected to some specific fxns
-left: interprets the meaning
-right: interprets the emotions
phylogenetic layers
-most newer parts of our brain are located at the top of out head and more primitive parts are located deeper & lower
crossed representation
-for most sensory & motor fxns
-left side: corresponds to the right side of the body
-right side: corresponds to the left side of the body
neurons
-anatomical and functional unit of the nervous sys consisting of dendrites, a cell body, & an axon
cell
-cell body
nerve fibers
-dendrites & axons
white matter
-tissue of the CNS rich in myelinated axons
gray matter
-tissue of the CNS rich with neuronal cell bodies
glial cells
-non-neural cells
sulcus (sulci)/gyrus (gyri)
-crevices of the brain/ridges of the brain
fissure
-a deep sulcus
cortex
-outer layer of an organ or body structure
medial
-toward midline
lateral
-away from midline
anterior
-toward the front
posterior
-toward the back
superior
-above another part
inferior
-below another part
rostral
-toward the head
caudal
-toward the tail or coccyx
ventral
-front/lower side
dorsal
-back/upper side
proximal
-in close proximity to the center of the body
distal
-distant from the center of the body
ipsilateral
-on the same side of the body
contralateral
-on the opp side of the body
unilateral
-on one side of the body
bilateral
-on both sides of the body
superficial
-closer to the surface
deep
-farther from the surface
afferent
-conducts info centrally (sensory)
efferent
-conducts info peripherally (motor)
horizontal/transverse
-superior & inferior
coronal/frontal
-front & back
sagittal
-left & right
midsagittal
-equal on left & right
neural axis
-brain & spinal cord
-enclosed by bone
cephalic flexure
-extension of the CNS that includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves & 31 pairs of spinal nerves
-not encased by bone or protected by the blood-brain barrier
autonomic nervous sys
-innervates smooth muscle & glands; reg homeostasis
sympathetic
-fight or flight
parasympathetic
-rest or digest
somatic nervous sys
-innervates mainly musculoskeletal tissue and skin
cerebrum
-largest part
-two cerebral hemishpheres (right and left) connected by the corpus callosum
5 lobes
-frontal
-parietal
-temporal
-occipital
-limbic
frontal
-front of the head/forehead
parietal
-near the back top area
temporal
-above the ears
occipital
-the back part of the head
limbic
-deep part; only seen when looking at the mid sagital view
cerebral cortex
-gray matter surface of the brain
-outer layer of any organ
deeper structures
-mostly white matter with some expectations;
-contains basal nuclei, limbic sys, and internal capsule
diencephalon
-the center of the brain
cerebellum
-dorsal to the pons
-attached to brainstem by 3 massive fiber groups called peduncles
brain stem
-contains 3 regions from superior to inferior
-midbrain, pons, and medulla
