Ch 7 Flashcards
An interpretation of utilitarianism which asks whether in the way particular situation if a given course of action will produce the greatest good for the greatest number
Act utilitarianism
The thesis that one ought to act for the sake of the interests of others
Altruism
Intellectual independence and freedom from authority. Moral ///// is the ability of every rational person to reach his or her own moral conclusion about what is right and wrong (this does not mean that they will therefore come to different conclusions)
Autonomy
In Jane’s philosophy, a moral law, a command that is u qualified and not dependent on any conditions or qualifications. In particular that rule that tells us to act in such a way that we would want everyone else to act
Categorical imperative
To form a binding obligation voluntarily
Comittiment
A sense of feeling about what is right and wrong usually without argument
Conscience
An ethical theory that the morality of an action depends on its consequences
Consequentialism
According to Aristotle the happiest life the life of thought and philosophy
Contemplation
The descriptive anthropological thesis that different socitites have different moralities. It is important to stress that these moralities must be fundamentally different not only different in details
Cultural relativism
Ethics based on duty (Greek dein) Kent’s ethic is \\ in that it stresses obedience to principle of ether than attention to consequences
Deontology
What one is morally bound to do
Duty
The thesis that people act for their own interests
Egoism
The thesis that there is only and only one correct morality
Ethical absolutism
The thesis that people ought to act in their own interests
Ethical egoism
The thesis that different moralities should be considered equally correct even if they directly contradict each other
Ethical relativism
A system of general moral principles and a conception of morality and its foundation or the study of moral principles
Ethics
Aristotles word for happiness or more literally “living well”
Eudaimonia
The modern movement in philosophy that puts great emphasis on individual choice and the voluntary acceptance of all values.
Existentialism
Do unto others as you would have them do until you
Golden rule
The achievement of the good life
Happiness
Benthams technique for quantifying and adding up pleasures and pains as a way of deciding what to do
Happiness calculus or felicity caluclus
The conception of the good life that takes pleasure to be the ultimate good
Hedonism
In kant, a command that is conditional depending on particular aims or inclinations
Hypothetical imperative
A person who rejects the ultimate claims of morality
Immoralists
A command
Imperative
Kanye term for all personal considerations: desires feelings emotions attitudes moods and so forth
Inclination
An objective rule that is binding on individuals whether they personally accept it or not. Contrasted to maxim
Law
In nietzsche a morality that takes personal self realization as primary so called because it was the morality of the masters in the slave states of the ancient world
Master morality
I’m Kant a personal rule or intention contrasted to law
Maxim
In Aristotle, the middle course, not too much, not too little.
Mean (between the extremes)
In general the rules for right action and prohibition against wrong acts
Morality
The view that morality inheres in nature
Natural law
Bound by duty.
Obligation
The term most often used to express moral duty or obligation
Ought
In Bentham, the principle that one ought not bro what gives the greatest pleasure to the greatest number of people
Principle of utiklity
The thesis that people always act in their own self interest even when it seems as if they are acting for others benefit
Psychological egoism
Acting in the best possible way. According to reason
Rationality
The thesis that there is no single correct view of reality. No single truth
Relativism
A variation of utilitarianism of which contends that the principle of utility should be used as the basis for developing rules that when consistently followed will result in the greatest good for the greatest number
Rule utilitarianism
Acting in one’s own interest to the exclusion of others interests
Selfishness
Feeling emotion particularly feelings (as in Hume and Rousseau
Sentiment
In nietchzes moral
Philosophy morality that ties duties and obligations as primary, so called because it was the morality of the \\ who were not allowed to aspire any higher than mere efficiencies and personal comforts
Slave morality
Fellow feeling; felt concern for other people’s welfare
Sympathy
The moral philosophy that says that we should act in such ways as to make the greatest number of people as happy as possible
Utilitarianism
Moral excellence
Virtue
The power of mind that allows us to choose our own actions or at least what we shall try to do
Will
In nietzsches philosophy the thesis that every act is ultimately aimed at superiority, sometimes over other people
Will to power
