Ch. 7 Flashcards
While STM retains the specific _ details of the sensory stimulus first used to encode the info, LTM typically retains the abstracted _ info, without specific physical details
physical;
semantic
Can LTM contain specific details?
yes, although that is typically an exception to the rule
How is information typically stored in long-term memory?
a. in terms of its sound
b. in terms of its meaning
c. in terms of its visual appearance
d. in terms of its emotional content
b. in terms of its meaning
Accurately remembering information from a previous chapter in this book depends on which type of memory?
a. STM
b. sensory memory
c. LTM
d. factual memory
c. LTM
Even though it feels like a relatively short time, this relies on long-term memory processes.
The _ differences between STM and LTM suggest that they may be distinct memory systems, as proposed in the modal model of memory
behavioural
The _ differences between STM and LTM suggest that they may be distinct memory systems is supported by _ data
neuropsychological
Neuropsychological data as well as patients with _ support behavioural differences in STM and LTM
AMNESIA
Severely impaired LTM capacities due to trauma or brain damage is called _
amnesia
Amnesiacs have difficulties _ new memories
encoding
_ amnesia is common following a TBI, in which the events taking place leading up to the incident are often forgotten
retrograde amnesia
In a video in this chapter, Kayla Hutchinson experiences difficulties with which of the following?
a. making new memories
b. remembering names and faces of new people
c. recalling events and info from her past
d. the inability to learn new tasks
c. recalling events and info from her past
issues with retrograde amnesia
After the onset of _ amnesia, the affected person has difficulty remembering any new info that they encounter
anterograde
Can those with anterograde amnesia have compromised memory from the past?
yes
Henry Gustav Molaison (HM) suffered from anterograde amnesia after his _ was removed as part of an epilepsy treatment, considered an important structure for LTM
Medial temporal lobe (bilateral medial temporal lobectomy)/ hippocampus
Was HM’s cognition and intelligence quite intact when his hippocampus was removed?
yes
Was HM able to discuss facts from his past and general knowledge about the world leading up to his surgery?
yes
Was HM’s short-term memory intact? If so, how and for how long?
yes, provided he held his attention on the task for up to 15 min
An example of an excerpt from Clive Wearing’s journal portrayed that he was living primarily in his _TM, forgetting much of the recent past and un/able to encode the present information
STM;
UNABLE
Damage to the _ will give rise to difficulties recalling or encoding info into LTM while preserving STM
hippocampus
Damage to the left hemisphere near regions of the parietal lobe produced damage in _TM processing while preserving _TM functioning
STM/working;
LTM
Patients with _ perform worse on the match-to-sample task and showed markedly less connectivity between the prefrontal lobe and hippocampal regions
Alzheimer’s
Based on H.M.’s and Clive Wearing’s cases, what is the hippocampus necessary for?
a. encoding new info and experiential memories
b. remembering procedural tasks
c. recalling your name
d. maintaining your IQ
a. encoding new info and experiential memories
In both cases, they are still able to retain memory for actions and movement but cannot update new information about their lives.
According to Atkinson and Shiffrin’s modal model, the longer the info is retained in _TM via rehearsal, the likelier it is that it will enter into _TM
STM;
LTM
Repeating info over and over, without any additional thought about the info, is called _ rehearsal
maintenance