Ch. 6 Flashcards
_ is the process of using info that was obtained in the past to generate some cognitive function in the present
memory
Memory requires three fundamental components:
encoding
_
retrieval
storage
Encoding refers to the initial processing of info so that it is represented in the n_ s_
nervous system
If something is not encoded in the nervous system, then it can/not be remembered
cannot
Encoding can be in the form of short-term transduction of a physical stimulus into a neural code or a _ _ in the brain that encodes a fact or event about the world
structural change
Storage is the retention of _ info
encoded
_ refers to the brain’s ability to access stored info for some cognitive purpose. It depends on links in the chain of memory to function, otherwise items cannot be remembered
retrieval
Both human and _ memory require the same basic elements to function
computer
Putting info into long-term memory stores is _
encoding
Maintaining info in memory is _
storage
Re-activating and using previously learned info is called _
retrieval
To study memory, there are two dimensions that can be measured:
capacity
_
duration
How much info a memory system can hold is a dimension of memory called _
capacity
T or F: a limit has been observed in terms of the amount of more general info you can retain in long-term memory
false
the long-term memory is one helluva thing
We can measure how long info remains in memory, a property called _
duration
Imagine that you’re running a memory study and want to see how your participants’ memory capacity varies when they are in different moods. After inducing participants to feel different moods (happy, sad, or excited), you show them a series of words to recall later. Which of the following would be an appropriate measure of their memory capacity?
a. how happy, sad, or excited the participants feel on a 1-10 scale
b. the amount of time it took for participants to recite the shown words
c. the amount of time it took for participants to utter the first recalled word
d. a count of how many of the shown words they can recite
d. a count of how many of the shown words they can recite
_ articulated that two kinds of memory stores exist:
info relating to a current task or environment
longer-term storage
William James
Atkinson and Shriffrin’s 1968 study established the first substantial theoretical model of memory that attempted to account for experimental data: m_ m_of memory
multi modal model of memory (or multi-store)
In the multi store/modal model of memory, there are proposed 3 kinds with each its own capacity and _
duration
The modal model was created in a new era of _ science, likening our processing of info to encoding and storing info into a _ [same word]
computer
In the multi modal model, there is:
sensory input
sensory memory
short-term memory
…
long-term memory
In the multi modal model, there is:
sensory input
sensory memory (_ info is lost)
short-term memory
long-term memory
unattended
In the multi modal model, there is:
sensory input
sensory memory
short-term memory (requires attention and maintenance , otherwise un [form of 1st word] info is lost)
long-term memory
rehearsal; unrehearsed
In the multi modal model, there is:
sensory input
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory (requires encoding; some info may be lost over time, and refers to … for retrieval)
short-term memory