Ch 65 - Amputations Flashcards

1
Q

What local anaesthetics can be used for blocking nerves during amputation?
What is the maximum dose?

A
  • 0.5% bupivicaine or 0.5% ropivicaine
  • Maximum 2mg/kg
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2
Q

What are the options for thoracic limb amputation?

A
  • Removal of the scapula
  • Disarticulation
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3
Q

What vessels and nerves are encountered during amputation by removal of the scapula?

A
  • Omobrachial and cephalic vein
  • Branches of superficial cervical artery including suprascapular artery
  • Lateral thoracic artery, vein and nerve
  • Thoracodorsal artery, vein and nerve
  • Brachial plexus
  • Axillary artery and vein
  • External thoracic artery
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4
Q

Where can the superficial cervical and axillary LNs be located during forelimb amuptation?

A
  • Superficial cervical LN: Located along prescapular branch of superficial cervical artery at its cranial aspect, deep to brachiocephalicus muscle
  • Axillary LN: Located along lateral thoracic artery, caudal to axillary vein, medial to latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral muscles
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5
Q

List the options for pelvic limb amputation

A
  • Disarticulation
  • Osteotomy of the femur (mid-femoral)
  • En bloc with acetabulectomy
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6
Q

Why does osteosarcoma more commonly cross the hip joint?

A

Ligament of the head of the femur is though to act as a bridge

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7
Q

What blood vessels and nerves are encountered during a pelvic limb amputation via disarticulation?

A
  • Femoral artery and vein
  • Saphenous nerve (cranial/lateral to femoral artery)
  • Medial circumflex femoral artery (caudally in femoral triangle)
  • Superficial circumflex iliac artery and lateral circumflex femoral artery and vein may need to be ligated if femoral artery and vein are ligated distal to these branches
  • Caudal gluteal artery and vein
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Femoral nerve
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8
Q

What osteotomies are required for an acetabulectomy?

A

Ilial body, ischium and pubis

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9
Q

What alteration is recommended if performing a THR in a dog with a contralateral pelvic limb amputation?

A

Recommended to place the acetabular cup in a more closed position to decreases the risk of luxation (4/9 amputees had post-THR luxation in one study)

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10
Q

List the options for prostheses after a partial limb amputation

A
  • Intraosseous (intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis ITAP)
  • Socket prosthesis
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11
Q

How much of the limb must be remaining for a socket prosthesis?

A

At least 30% of the radius/ulna or tib/fib

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12
Q

What is a partial foot amputation?

A

Amputation of two adjacent digits en bloc, with or without the corresponding MC/MT bones

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13
Q

How does the vasculature of the tail differ in the cranial tail compared to the tip of the tail?

A
  • Cranial 1/3 of the tail, there are typically 7 longitudinal arterial trunks
  • Only the 2 lateral caudal arteries and the median caudal artery reach the tip
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