Ch 109 - Ovaries and uterus Flashcards
Where do the ovarian arteries arise from the aorta?
Caudal to renal arteries and cranial to deep circumflex iliac arteries
Where do the ovarian vein drain into?
- Right ovarian vein drains into the caudal vena cava
- Left ovarian vein drains into the renal vein
What are the layers of the uterus?
- Serosa
- Muscularis
- Mucosa (endometrium)
Endometrium is the thickest layer
What are the 4 phases of the oestrus cycle?
How does the oestrus cycle differ in cats from dogs?
- Proestrus
- Oestrus
- Diestrus
- Anestrus
Cats:
- proestrus is much shorter and is not externally visible (feline vulva is not responsive to oestrogen)
- Formation of corpus lutea requires induction of ovulation, in non-pregnant cats will remain functional for 37d
- Dogs ovulate spontaneously, progesterone dominance seen for 60-100d in non pregnant bitches
How can parturition be predicted in a dog?
- 64-66 d after LH peak
- Preovulatory progesterone rise to 1.5ng/ml - 65 +/- 3d
- Skeletons detectable by d42 (20-21d to parturition), pelvises by day 57
- Progesterone drop to 2-3ng/ml 18-30hr
- Body temp drops 10-14hr after progesterone drop, parturition imminent
List the three stages of parturition
- Stage 1: Externally non-visible uterine contractions, behavioural changes. Lasts up to 24hr
- Stage 2: Expulsion of a foetus
- Stage 3: Expulsion of placenta
Stage 2 and 3 alternate and lasts up to 36hr. Active straining should not exceed 30 mins without expulsion of a pup and there should not be more than 4 hr between each puppy
How does pregnancy and parturition differ in cats?
- Placental secretion of progesterone independant of the ovaries occurs in cats after day 40
- In less than 1% of litters, parturition may be interrupted for up to 48hr
What % of intact bitches are reported to get pyometra?
24%
What are some consequences of OVH?
- Increases risk of TCC, OSA, cardiac tumours, HSA
- OSA more commin in Rottweilers spayed under 1yr
- Viszlas increased risk of HSA and MCT
- Increased risk of diabetes in cats
- Increased risk of hypothyroidism in dogs
- Spayed dogs 2x risk of obesity
- USMI in up to 20% spayed bitches as compared to 0.2-0.3% of the intact population. Larger dogs 7x more likely than dogs under 15kg
What sized vessels and uterine bodies can be sealed with a Ligasure?
What sized vessels can be sealed with an ultrasonic sealing device?
Ligasure:
- 7mm vessels
- 9mm uterine body
Ultrasonic:
5mm vessels
What is the incidence of periop complications after OVH?
- 7.5-19% dogs
- 12% cats
How does aminocaproic acid work?
Inhibitory effects of plasminogen activators and plasmin, thererby inhibiting fibrinolysis
List the basic concepts of a laparoscopic spay
- 15-degree Trendelenberg position
- Pneumoperitoneum of 10-12mmHg
- 3 post technique (30mm caudal to umbilicus, 30-50mm cranial to umbilicus and 30-50mm cranial to pubis)
- Uterine bodies less than 9mm sealed with Ligasure have a median bursting strength of 237mmHg
- Low complication rate approx 2%
What is a NOTES approach?
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
- Has been describes experimentally for ovariectomy in 20 bitches
WHat is the reported incidence of ovarian remnant syndrome with lap ovariectomy?
0.5%