Ch 4 - Platelet-Rich Plasma Flashcards

1
Q

What to the alpha granules of platelets contain?

A

Hundreds of growth factors, cytokines, vasoactive peptides, extracellular matrix proteins

Released upon platelet activation and are critically important in all phases of wound healing

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2
Q

What should the platelet concentration of PRP be in comparison to peripheral blood?

A

At least 3-5 times higher

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3
Q

What else does PRP contain?

A
  • Clotting factors
  • Plasma proteins
  • antibacterial and fungicidal effects
  • membrane glycoproteins which influence inflammation
  • 800 unique proteins

Depending on preparation method, also potential for leukocyte isolation to occur resulting in leukocyte- and platelet-rick plasma (L-PRP)

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4
Q

How does PRP act?

A

Increases the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts in a dose-dependant manner. TGF-B within PRP increases collagen type 1 production in tendons

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5
Q

How is PRP osteopromotive?

Chondropromotive?

A
  • Stimulates the production of osteoclast-like cells
  • Platelets contain a number of grwoth factors to initiate bone healing - PDGF, TGF-B, VEGF, BMP

Chondro:
- Significant increased in chondrocyte proliferation and celular accumulation of GAGs and collagen tpe 2 in porcine chondrocytes with platelet lysate

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6
Q

How do you prepare PRP?

A

Classic 2-step centrifugation method:

  • 10-110ml whole blood
  • anticoagulant
  • soft spin
  • plasma and uppermost layer of buffy coat transferred
  • second, longer hard spin
  • Majority of platelet-poor plasma is discarded and the pellet is resuspended forming PRP

If you use the entire buffy coat, will get L-PRP

Gravity-filtration method
- 60ml anticoagulated blood in reservoir bag mixed with sterile water leading to platelet swelling
- Passed through a filter
- platelets, erythrocytes and some leukocytes captures
- Sterile saline flushed back through to filter resulting in leukocyte- and platelet-rich preparation (but NOT plasma)

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7
Q

List 2 contraindications of PRP treatment

A
  • Thrombocytopaenia
  • Coagulation defects
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