Ch 6 study guide Flashcards
What happens to RBCs when blood tonicity is hypertonic?
They shrink, water moves out
Does passive transport require energy?
Yes, kinetic
Which direction does passive diffusion occur?
High concentration to low
What structures contain DNA?
Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast
What limits the size and shape of a cell?
Diffusion, it takes time for molecules to reach the center of the cell, needs to be small/ and the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide
What can AND CANNOT get through the phospholipid bilayer?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide can freely get through with some water; most water goes through a protein channel, along with glucose because it’s too large and salt because it is an ion
What will happen to a cell if put in freshwater?
Water will rush in and cause it to burst because water moves towards the salt and there is no water in the freshwater
Which cells don’t contain a nucleus?
Prokaryotes and Red blood cells in adult form
Does movement of water stop once equilibrium is reached across a semipermeable membrane
No, it still occurs in both directions
What organelle breaks down large particles?
Lysosomes
What organelle converts sugar into cellular energy?
Mitochondria, produce ATP
What is the path of protein synthesis?
Rough ER; ribosomes in ER create proteins
Vesicle; protein is packages in vesicle then shipped off
Golgi apparatus; receives vesicle repackages then puts in vesicle
Vesicle; comes from Golgi, travels towards plasma membrane
Plasma membrane; vesicle travels to plasma membrane
Out via exocytosis; vesicle connects to membrane and opens up to allow things to leave
What cell organelle provides locomotion?
Cilia and flagella; some have microfilaments
What’s in plants that’s not in animal cells?
Central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast,
Cell wall function?
For structural support and protection, made of cellulose
Plasma membrane function?
Gatekeeper; allows certain things in, blocks others; also monitors nearby cells and areas
What type of transport requires ATP energy?
Active transport
What links with spindles and anchors them?
centrioles
Where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplast
Know what each organelle does. (animal)
Nucleus is command center, signals organelles and monitors inside and outside
Surrounding is endoplasmic reticulum (smooth er)- does not have ribosomes, makes lipids
Ribosomes are little red cells and can be in cytoplasm or attached to the e.r.
Ribosomes makes proteins
Rough e.r.
With ribosomes- makes proteins
Golgi body/ apparatus
Further refine products from e.r and pack them up to be exported
Refine + repackage molecules for export
Plasma membrane
Gatekeeper- allows certain things in, if recognized
Vacuoles
Storage container
Mitochondria
Makes ATP, is the power house
Cytoskeleton
For support or movement
Part of cytoskeleton- microfilaments
Solid rods that give support to structure
Microtubules
Hollow, act as a highway
Lysosome
Contains enzymes that break down molecules
If lysosome breaks, will kill cell
Flagellum
Used for movement
Centriole
Anchor for cytoskeleton
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes
Know what each organelle does. (plant)
Unique because they have chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs
Cell wall
For structural support, made of cellulose
Central vacuole
Big vacuole, to store water and salt
Hexagonal cell- plant cell
The chloroplast is small green ball
Is photosynthetic engine of plant cells
Chloroplasts have their own DNA, allows them to self- replicate
Cell wall- provides structure and protection
Not found in animals, made of cellulose
Central vacuole- only for higher plants with nucleus-much larger
Central vacuoles store water and salt
Not enough water causes plants to wilt, from loss of pressure
