Ch 6 study guide

Question 1

What happens to RBCs when blood tonicity is hypertonic?

Answer 1

They shrink, water moves out

Question 2

Does passive transport require energy?

Answer 2

Yes, kinetic

Question 3

Which direction does passive diffusion occur?

Answer 3

High concentration to low

Question 4

What structures contain DNA?

Answer 4

Nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast

Question 5

What limits the size and shape of a cell?

Answer 5

Diffusion, it takes time for molecules to reach the center of the cell, needs to be small/ and the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

What can AND CANNOT get through the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 6

Oxygen and carbon dioxide can freely get through with some water; most water goes through a protein channel, along with glucose because it’s too large and salt because it is an ion

Question 7

What will happen to a cell if put in freshwater?

Answer 7

Water will rush in and cause it to burst because water moves towards the salt and there is no water in the freshwater

Question 8

Which cells don’t contain a nucleus?

Answer 8

Prokaryotes and Red blood cells in adult form

Question 9

Does movement of water stop once equilibrium is reached across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 9

No, it still occurs in both directions

Question 10

What organelle breaks down large particles?

Answer 10

Lysosomes

Question 11

What organelle converts sugar into cellular energy?

Answer 11

Mitochondria, produce ATP

Question 12

What is the path of protein synthesis?

Answer 12

Rough ER; ribosomes in ER create proteins

Vesicle; protein is packages in vesicle then shipped off

Golgi apparatus; receives vesicle repackages then puts in vesicle

Vesicle; comes from Golgi, travels towards plasma membrane

Plasma membrane; vesicle travels to plasma membrane

Out via exocytosis; vesicle connects to membrane and opens up to allow things to leave

Question 13

What cell organelle provides locomotion?

Answer 13

Cilia and flagella; some have microfilaments

Question 14

What’s in plants that’s not in animal cells?

Answer 14

Central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplast,

Question 15

Cell wall function?

Answer 15

For structural support and protection, made of cellulose

Question 16

Plasma membrane function?

Answer 16

Gatekeeper; allows certain things in, blocks others; also monitors nearby cells and areas

Question 17

What type of transport requires ATP energy?

Answer 17

Active transport

Question 18

What links with spindles and anchors them?

Answer 18

centrioles

Question 19

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 19

chloroplast

Question 20

Know what each organelle does. (animal)

Answer 20

Nucleus is command center, signals organelles and monitors inside and outside

Surrounding is endoplasmic reticulum (smooth er)- does not have ribosomes, makes lipids

Ribosomes are little red cells and can be in cytoplasm or attached to the e.r.
Ribosomes makes proteins

Rough e.r.
With ribosomes- makes proteins

Golgi body/ apparatus
Further refine products from e.r and pack them up to be exported
Refine + repackage molecules for export

Plasma membrane
Gatekeeper- allows certain things in, if recognized

Vacuoles
Storage container

Mitochondria
Makes ATP, is the power house

Cytoskeleton
For support or movement

Part of cytoskeleton- microfilaments
Solid rods that give support to structure

Microtubules
Hollow, act as a highway

Lysosome
Contains enzymes that break down molecules
If lysosome breaks, will kill cell

Flagellum
Used for movement

Centriole
Anchor for cytoskeleton

Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes

Question 21

Know what each organelle does. (plant)

Answer 21

Unique because they have chloroplasts, where photosynthesis occurs

Cell wall
For structural support, made of cellulose

Central vacuole
Big vacuole, to store water and salt

Hexagonal cell- plant cell
The chloroplast is small green ball
Is photosynthetic engine of plant cells
Chloroplasts have their own DNA, allows them to self- replicate

Cell wall- provides structure and protection
Not found in animals, made of cellulose

Central vacuole- only for higher plants with nucleus-much larger
Central vacuoles store water and salt

Not enough water causes plants to wilt, from loss of pressure