ch 27

Question 1

Build a table that lists the 12 major human systems, their functions, major organs involved, and an example of another system with which it works.

Answer 1

Integumentary

Muscular

Skeletal

Nervous

Circulatory

Lymphatic

Respiratory

Endocrine

Urinary/excretory

Reproductive

Digestive

Question 2

Which system communicates using neurons?

Answer 2

nervous

Question 3

Which system communicates using hormones? What kind of molecules are they called?

Answer 3

Endocrine / signaling & communicating molecules

Question 4

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 4

Provides flexibility instead of bones; provide smooth surface for joints

Question 5

What is the condition where the bones become porous?

Answer 5

osteoporosis

Question 6

What is the condition where the bones joints become inflamed?

Answer 6

arthritis

Question 7

What are the main parts of the skeleton?

Answer 7

Skull
Rib cage
Vertebral column
Limbs
pelvis

Question 8

What are the parts of the spine?

Answer 8

vertebrae
vertebral disks
Vertebral column

Question 9

What is the area called where one bone meets another?

Answer 9

joint

Question 10

What action do muscles complete?

Answer 10

Pull/ contraction

Question 11

What connects bone to bone?

Answer 11

ligaments

Question 12

What connects bone to muscle?

Answer 12

tendons

Question 13

What are the types of marrow?

Answer 13

Red- makes red blood cells

yellow- stores lipids

Question 14

What are the functions of skin?

Answer 14

Homeostasis and protection from foreign invaders

Question 15

What is the main function of the skull?

Answer 15

protect brain

Question 16

Give examples of hinge joints

Answer 16

elbow, knee

Question 17

Give examples of pivot joints

Answer 17

vertabrae

Question 18

Examples of ball and socket joints

Answer 18

hip, shoulder

Question 19

What do ligaments and tendons do?

Answer 19

Ligaments- bone to bone

Tendons- muscle to bone

Question 20

What are the thin filaments of a muscle?

Answer 20

Actin

Question 21

What are the thick filaments of a muscle?

Answer 21

Myosin

Question 22

What is cardiac muscle

Answer 22

Heart muscle- striated and involuntary

Question 23

What makes up a sarcomere?

Answer 23

Actin and myosin

Question 24

What happens during a sarcomere contraction?

Answer 24

Filaments slide over each other, sarcomere gets shorter

Myosin heads attach to actin wall and push on both sides causing a contraction

Question 25

What are the three types of muscles? Where are they located?

Answer 25

Skeletal; attached to bones; voluntary
Smooth; lines inside and outside of organs; involuntary
cardiac; in heart; involuntary

Question 26

What are the two layers of skin?

Answer 26

Dermis and epidermis

Question 27

What is the epidermis mostly made of?

Answer 27

Epithelial cells; dead in the upper section

Question 28

What is the protein in hair and nails?

Answer 28

keratin

Question 29

What is the skeleton of a newborn like?

Answer 29

Lots of cartilage; malleable; fragile

Question 30

What are the most important functions of the skin?

Answer 30

Maintain homeostasis and protect from foreign invaders

Question 31

What proteins are involved in muscle contractions?

Answer 31

Actin and myosin

Question 32

What is the basic component of nervous tissue?

Answer 32

neuron

Question 33

What protein pigment is in the skin?

Answer 33

melanin

Question 34

Explain homeostasis

Answer 34

Maintaining a steady state

temperature, salt, sugar

Question 35

In which system does meiosis occur?

Answer 35

reproductive

Question 36

Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology

Answer 36

Anatomy- parts

Physiology- how the parts work

Question 37

What are the levels of organization

Answer 37

atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism