Ch. 6 - Stress

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

A psychological response to demands where there is something at stake and where coping with the demands taxes or exceeds a person’s capacity or resources

Question 2

Are managers often more stressed than employees?

Answer 2

Yes. Managers are 21% more likely than the average employee to describe their jobs as stressful.

Question 3

Stressors

Answer 3

Demands that cause a stress response

Question 4

Strains

Answer 4

Negative consequences of the stress response

Question 5

Transactional Theory of Stress

Answer 5

Explains how stressful demands are perceived and appraised. Also examines how people respond to the perceptions of appraisal.

Question 6

What are the 4 main types of stressors outlined in the Transactional Theory of Stress?

Answer 6

-Work Hindrance Stressors
-Work Challenge Stressors
-Nonwork Hindrance Stressors
-Nonwork Challenge Stressors

Question 7

Primary Appraisal

Answer 7

Evaluation of whether a demand is stressful. If it is, the implications of the stressor in terms of personal goals and well-being are evaluated

Question 8

What are the most stressful jobs?

Answer 8

-Enlisted Military Personnel
-Firefighter
-Newspaper Reporter

Question 9

What are the least stressful jobs?

Answer 9

-Tenured University Professor
-Audiologist
-Medical Records Technician

Question 10

A student procrastinates on their homework, and they stay all night to finish it. What are the stressor(s) and the strain(s)?

Answer 10

Stressor: A lot of work in little time
Strains: Lower quality work, Lack of sleep for next day

Question 11

Benign Job Demands

Answer 11

Job demands that are not appraised as being stressful

Question 12

Hindrance Stressors

Answer 12

Stressors that tend to be appraised as hindering progress toward growth and achievement

Question 13

What is the most stressful life event one could experience?

Answer 13

Death of a spouse/child

Question 14

Coping

Answer 14

The behaviours and thoughts people use to manage stressful demands and the emotions associated with those demands.

Question 15

What is the relationship between Hindrance Stressors and Job Performance

Answer 15

Weak negative correlation

Question 16

What is the relationship between Hindrance Stressors and Organizational Commitment?

Answer 16

Strong negative correlation

Question 17

What is the relationship between Challenge Stressors and Job Performance?

Answer 17

Weak positive relationship

Question 18

What is the relationship between Challenge Stressors and Organizational Commitment?

Answer 18

Moderate positive correlation

Question 19

What steps can organizations take to manage employee stress?

Answer 19

-Providing Resources (training interventions & supportive practices)
-Reducing Strains (relaxation techniques, cognitive-behavioural techniques)
-Health & Wellness Programs

Question 20

Behavioural Coping

Answer 20

Physical activities used to deal with a stressful situation (eg. working harder, venting anger)

Question 21

Cognitive Coping

Answer 21

Thoughts used to deal with a stressful situation

Question 22

Problem-focused coping

Answer 22

Behaviours and cognitions of an individual intended to manage the stressful situation itself.

Question 23

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 23

Behaviours and cognitions of an individual intended to help manage emotional reactions to the stressful demands

Question 24

Challenge Stressors

Answer 24

Stressors that tend to be appraised as opportunities for growth and achievement

Question 25

Role Conflict

Answer 25

People have different expectations of what an individual need to do in a role (a work hindrance stressor)

Question 26

Role Ambiguity

Answer 26

A lack of direction and information about what needs to be done in a role (work hindrance stressor)

Question 27

Role Overload

Answer 27

An excess of demands on an employee preventing them from working effectively (work hindrance stressor)

Question 28

Type A Behaviour Pattern

Answer 28

Present in people who tend to experience more stressors, to appraise demands as more stressful, and to be prone to experiencing more strains than most others.

Question 29

Physiological Strains

Answer 29

Reactions from stressors that harm the human body (includes high blood pressure and aches)

Question 30

Psychological Strains

Answer 30

Negative psychological reactions from stressors such as depression, anxiety, and anger

Question 31

Burnout

Answer 31

The emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion from coping with stressful demands on a continuous basis.

Question 32

Behavioural Strains

Answer 32

Patterns of negative behaviours associated with other strains (includes substance abuse and teeth grinding)