Ch. 6. Sensory, Short-time and working-memory

Question 1

What is defined as coding of information to be stored as memory?

Answer 1

encoding

Question 2

What did William James (1890) refer to as secondary memory?

Answer 2

Long term memory

Question 3

What is the temporary sensory register that allows input from the sensory modalities to be prolonged?

Answer 3

Sensory memory

Question 4

What is the function by which information is recollected as needed?

Answer 4

retrieval

Question 5

What is the name given to a person’s sense of their own competence to complete a certain task or achieve a goal?

Answer 5

self-efficacy

Question 6

What refers to a range of deficits reflecting problems with executive function and control, and often associated with injury to the frontal areas of the brain?

Answer 6

Dysexecutive syndrome

Question 7

Which term refers to a neuro-behavioural disorder characterized by dysfunctional automatic reaching for and use of objects in their environment?

Answer 7

Utilization behaviour

Question 8

What is the component of working memory proposed to control and coordinate the activity of the other components, including the phonological loop and visuo-spatial sketch pad?

Answer 8

Central executive

Question 9

What are task-oriented frameworks for organizing knowledge and storing relations between concepts?

Answer 9

schemas

Question 10

What is the name given to a chart which plots the words’ position in a list against the probability of recall?

Answer 10

Serial position curve

Question 11

What is the component of working memory that deals with visual and spatial information?

Answer 11

visuo spatial scetch-pad

Question 12

Which term is a disorder that affects the motor function underlying speech?

Answer 12

anarthria

Question 13

In working memory, what processes auditory-verbal information?

Answer 13

phonological loop

Question 14

Which term refers to a set of processes that allow us to hold information in mind and manipulate it?

Answer 14

working memory

Question 15

Which term refers to contrasting patterns of deficit in two patients or patient groups which provides evidence for functionally independent systems?

Answer 15

Double dissociation of function

Question 16

Hva førte til at gruppen med økt self-efficacy fikk det i studiet?

Answer 16

“reframing” av forståelsen av at oppgaven er vanskelig er positivt og fører til læring. Altså at de ikke er dumme. Individualistisk kultur vanskelig = lave kognitive evner… reframe dette gir økt self efficacy.. også bedre enn erfaring av mestring

Question 17

What persons mind-wander more during tasks that require low working-memory-capacity (easy tasks) acording to Keane et al. 2007?

Answer 17

Persons with high WMC

Question 18

What is it called:
an individual’s tendency to better remember the first piece of information they encounter than the information they receive later on.

Answer 18

primacy effect

Question 19

what experiment was used to describe cognitive lockup?

Answer 19

Pilots during airplane-trouble