Ch. 10. Language production Flashcards
Which term refers to the rules governing the ways words can be combined to create meaningful sentences?
Syntax
Which term refers to the ways in which people make sense of themselves and others in order to function effectively in a social world?
social cognition
What term refers to animals using a specific call to signify a specific object or threat?
functional reference
What is the term used to describe features that are present in most, if not all, languages?
Linguistic universals
What is the study of raw speech sounds?
phonetics
Which term describes how a language is learnt through interaction with more experienced users of the language within a verbal community?
Cultural transmission
What is the level of linguistic analysis concerned with the rules in a language?
Morphology
What unit of lanaguage provides grammatical structure that shows how content is represented within a sentence?
function words
What the smallest unit of sound that is meaningful within a language?
phones
Which aspect of human communication is also observed in social animals?
turn-taking
At what level do the processes that reflect the influence of higher order cognitive processes, such as thoughts, beliefs and expectations, operate?
conceptual level
What refers to a number of processes by which we convert a thought into language output, in the form of speech, sign language or writing?
language production
Which part of a sentence shows what the sentence is about or performs the action?
subject
What is disfluency? and what type of aphasia patients have this
Hesitation or disruption in speech
broccas aphasia
What refers to the ability to extend sentences infinitely by embedding phrases within sentences?
recursion
What are the levels of liguistic analysis?
Semantics - meaning
Syntax - combination of words
Morphology - construction and modification of words
Phonology - sound units
Why is language production important in cognitive psychology?
Involved in decision making, reasoning, problem solving, social cognition
What are the two basic stages in speech production?
- the formulation of a thought
- its conversion into speech
What are central debates within cognitive science regarding language?
The nature of the relationship between language and cognition (the smarter, the better language?)
The degree to which language affects thought (is thought in the absence from language qualitatively different?)
What evidence separates language from cognition?
- children develop language (vocab, grammar) early, but cognitive development is slower
- William’s syndrom (poor cognition, good language)
What is specific language impairment (SLI)?
a specific learning disability wherein language development lags behind cognitive develpoment without explanation
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
The language you have affects how you think.
The way we think is determined/influenced by our language.
What is linguistic determinism?
the proposal that language determines thought
What is linguistic relativity?
view that characteristics of language shape our thought processes
Give examples of linguistic universals
all languages:
- have consonants and vowels
- combine basic sounds into larger unites
- have nouns
- have verbs
etc.
kiki bouba effect
is a non-arbitrary mapping between speech sounds and the visual shape of objects
Phonology
the sound system of a language
what are function words
words which do the grammatical work of the sentence
