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Biology 1 > Ch. 6 Review > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do cells have membranes?

A

It’s a barrier to maintain internal chemistry of the cell
CELL WALL DOESN’T DO THIS

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2
Q

Membranes have…

A

Functionality

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3
Q

Membranes allow cells to ______ with each other because they have ______

A

Communicate, receptors

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4
Q

Do bacteria have internal compartments?

A

NO

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5
Q

Which organelles have 2 membranes?

A

Nuclear envelope
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

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6
Q

Nuclear pores allow…

A

RNA to leave the nucleus, its where the two membranes come together

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7
Q

Where are proteins made in the cell?

A

Ribosomes

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8
Q

What two macromolecules compose a ribosome

A

Polypeptides and rRNA (nucleic acids)

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9
Q

A ribosome is a ______ complex

A

Macromolecule

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10
Q

What organelles are in the EMS

A

ER (rough and smooth), golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles, the cell membrane

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11
Q

Define the characteristics of the Rough ER

A

-Covered in ribosomes
-contains chaperones
-Site of protein synthesis

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12
Q

Chaperones can help?

A

Proteins fold

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13
Q

Proteins in the Rough ER can either…

A

Stay in the rough ER or leave in a transport vesiscle

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14
Q

Define the Smooth ER

A

-no ribsomes
-makes lipids (all kinds)
-detoxifies drugs
-stores glycogen

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15
Q

What cell would be rich in SER

A

Liver cells

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16
Q

The golgi contains a unique set of _____

A

Enzymes in its flattened sacs

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17
Q

Golgi receives vesicles from the _____

A

ER

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18
Q

Vesicles in the golgi are transmitted _____ the golgi

A

Through

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19
Q

Vesicles that move through the golgi are?

A

Chemically modified, this is the final stage of activating a protein

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20
Q

The golgi’s essential function is

A

modifying and activating proteins then preparing them for shipment elsewhere

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21
Q

Where do vesicles leaving the golgi go?

A
  1. go to the cell membrane so the cell membrane can GROW
    (secretion)
  2. goes to lysosomes
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22
Q

EMS is a way to ____

A

Export cell products outside the cell

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23
Q

Lysosomes contain…

A

Hydrolytic enzymes to do hydrolysis (break down molecules)

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24
Q

Lysosomes can fuse with…

A

vesicles/food vacuoles originating from the plasma membrane

25
Q

Food vacuoles bud ____ from the cell membrane

A

IN

26
Q

Plant vacuoles increase…

A

The surface area to volume ratio of cells

27
Q

Name two cell types that make food vacuoles

A

Amoebas and macrophages

28
Q

Autophagy allows..

A

organelles to be recycled

29
Q

Why dont lysosomal enzymes digest the ER

A

Because the enzymes are turned off until they reach the lysosome

30
Q

What do lysosomes have to do with the GI tract

A

NOTHING

31
Q

Proteins sent to lysosomes become what?

A

Lysosomal enzymes

32
Q

What cells would be rich in ER and Golgi

A

important in cells that make and export molecular products

Ex. gland cells, B-Cells

33
Q

Can cells have more than one golgi and ER?

A

YES

34
Q

Bound ribosomes make proteins for…

A

Proteins made for secretion
-ER
-Golgi
-Lysosome
-cell membrane

35
Q

Free ribosomes make proteins for

A

-cytosol
-mitochondria and chloroplasts

36
Q

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own ____ and are ______

A

DNA and are semi autonomous

37
Q

What cells would be rich in mitochondria?

A

Muscle cells

38
Q

Mitochondria use _____ to make _____

A

sugar to make ATP

39
Q

Chloroplasts use _____ to make ______

A

light to make sugar

40
Q

Chloroplasts may be rich in what kind of cells

A

leaves

41
Q

What gives shells their shapes?

A

The cytoskeleton

42
Q

The cytoskeleton is…

A

-A network of fibers spanning the cytosol
-gives cells their shape

43
Q

Cytoskeleton is made of what?

A

Protein

44
Q

Cytoskeleton provides what

A

motility and transport

45
Q

The cytoskeleton is ________

A

Dynamic

46
Q

Cytoskeleton is made of what three fibers

A

-Microfilaments
-Intermediate filaments
-Microtubles

47
Q

Microfilaments functions are what? Found where? It’s made of what?

A

-create pseudopodia
-cytoplasmic streaming
-muscle contraction

Found in animal cell division (contractile ring)

Actin

48
Q

Intermediate filaments functions are what? Its made of what?

A

-gives shape and support to the NUCLEUS
-main structural component of hair/nails and claws/horns/hooves

Keratin

49
Q

Microtubules function is what? What is it made of?

A

-guide vesicle movement
-cause flagella/cilia to beat
-cell division (centrosomes)

Tubulin

50
Q

Animal cells keep their solutes _____

A

Balanced

51
Q

Cell walls functions are what?

A

-prevent cells from excessive water uptake
-gives support and form in multicellular organisms

52
Q

What organisms are cell walls found in?

A

plants, prokaryotes, fungi, some protists

53
Q

What are the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

prokaryotic- very small, (1-10mm), no nucleus, no organelles, free floating DNA

eukaryotic- very large (10-100mm), membrane bound organelles, nuclear envelope

54
Q

Surface area to volume ratio is small when a cell is…

A

large

55
Q

Surface area to volume ratio is large when a cell is….

A

small

56
Q

The ratio of surface area and volume does not

A

increase proportionally

57
Q

Central vacuoles increase what…

A

cytosolic volume

58
Q

What are 2 proteins in the plasma membrane

A
  1. receptors
  2. transport proteins

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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