Ch 6- Respiratory Flashcards
Air passes through the external nares of the nose and then passes through the nasal cavity, where it is filtered through mucous membranes and nasal hairs called
Vibrissae
“The nose and mouth serve several important purposes in breathing by
- removing dirt and particulate matter from the air
2. warming and humidifying it before it reaches the lungs.”
“In contrast, the _____ lies below the pharynx and is only a pathway for air.”
Larynx (glottis)
-Contains 2 vocal cords
“Each alveolus is coated with _________, a detergent that lowers surface tension and prevents the alveolus from collapsing on itself.”
Surfactant
“Membranes known as pleurae surround each lung ________
Pleurae
-The surface adjacent to the lung is the visceral pleura, and the outer part is the parietal pleura.
“The diaphragm is under ______ control, even though breathing itself is under autonomic control. ”
Somatic
“The space within the sac is referred to as the ________, which contains a thin layer of fluid.”
Intrapleural Space
“what will happen to intrapleural pressure on inhalation?
Excerpt From: Kaplan. “Kaplan MCAT Biology Review: Created for MCAT 2015 (Kaplan Test Prep).” iBooks.
From our understanding of Boyle’s law, an increase in intrapleural volume leads to a decrease in intrapleural pressure.”
“Boyle’s law states that the pressure and volume of gases are inversely related. This is the principle underlying negative-pressure breathing: as the chest wall expands, the pressure in the lungs drops, and air is drawn into the lungs.”
We breath by _______ because the driving force is the lower (relatively negative) pressure in the intrapleural space compared with the lungs.”
negative-pressure breathing
“The gas in the lungs is initially at atmospheric pressure, which is now higher than the pressure in the intrapleural space. The lungs will therefore expand into the intrapleural space, and the pressure in the lungs will drop. Air will then be sucked in from a higher-pressure environment—the outside world. ”
Inhalation is a(n) ________ process while exhalation is a(n) _________ process
Active, Passive
________ is required to create the negative pressure in the thoracic cavity that forces air into the lungs during inspiration”
Muscle Contraction
“The maximum volume of air in the lungs when one inhales completely; usually around 6 to 7 liters”
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
“The minimum volume of air in the lungs when one exhales completely”
Residual Volume (RV)
The differecen brewer the minimum and Maximum volume of air in the lungs
Vital Capacity (VC)
TLC-RV
“The volume of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath”
Tidal Volume (TV)