Ch 6: Proteins Flashcards
how many amino acids are essential (must be obtained by diet)
9
how many amino acids are nonessential (your body can manufacture them)
11
proteins contain
nitrogen
how do amino acids build proteins
peptide bonds connect one amino acid
amino acids link into long strand that coil and fold
each type of protein has a distinctive sequence of amino acids
the sequence of amino acids determines the identity of the protein
collagen
acts like glue between cells
insulin
a hormone that regulates blood glucose
enzymes
act on other substances to change them
hemoglobin
transport oxygen in red blood cells
nutrients greatly influence
genetic expression
protein digestion begins in the
stomach
where do proteins get denatured and broken into smaller pieces
small intestine
protein turnover
breakdown, recovery, and synthesis of proteins
functions of proteins
body makes enzymes, hormones, and chemical messengers from amino acids
antibodies are proteins that defend against foreign proteins
proteins transport substances around the body like lipids, minerals, and oxygen
proteins help regulate the body’s
electrolytes and fluids
food sources of protein
meat poultry fish eggs milk cheese legumes beans lentils peas vegetables and grains
DRI recommended protein intake is
.8 gram per kilogram of body weight as minimum
mutual supplementation:
2 or more proteins whose amino acids assortments complement each other so that the missing amino acids in one protein are found in the other
who needs to be concerned about mutual supplementation
vegans
marasmus
extreme food energy deficiency
kwashiorkor
the edema and enlarged liver are apparent in a child’s swollen belly
recommended energy intake from protein
10-35%
