Ch 3: Digestion and Alcohol Flashcards
What is the mechanical aspect of digestion
Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth
( food is chewed, saliva helps moisten food so it can pass through esophagus)
stomach liquifies food by mashing and squeezing, this turns it into chyme
esophagus
pyloric valve controls exit of chyme from stomach into small intestine
chyme goes to colon
What is the chemical aspect of digestion
enzymes in saliva break down starch and a little fat
stomach releases gastric juice
initiates digestion of protein
small intestine finishes what mouth and stomach started
(gallbladder squirts bile into intestine
pancreas neutralizes stomach acid
absorption of most nutrients occurs in small intestine)
large intestine some fiber is broke down
what is the function of the mouth
Teeth/tongue crush and mash food
Digestion begins of starch to sugar
what is the function of stomach
Food is collected in upper storage area
Starch digestion stops in presence of gastric juices
Food enters digesting area of stomach
Proteins in bread, Peanut butter, and seeds are unwound (by acid)
Enzymes clip proteins
Contents become Chyme
what is the function of small intestine
Sugars from banana cross lining of small intestine (absorption)
Bile from liver arrives to blend with fat from Peanut Butter and seeds (emulsification)
Pancreas and intestinal cells send digestive enzymes
Small units from energy nutrients absorbed
Vitamins and minerals absorbed
what is the function of large intestine
Fiber fragments, fluid, and some minerals are absorbed
Fiber in seeds, bread, PB, and banana is partly digested by bacteria
Most fiber excreted as feces
Note that time in the colon is the longest
peristalsis
pushes food through the digestive tract
chyme
liquified food
bicarbonate
neutralizes stomach acid and enzymes to digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
how many servings of alcohol is considered a moderate intake
1 drink a day for women
2 drinks a day for men
who can benefit from moderate intake of alcohol
middle aged people
theres a reduced risk of heart disease, stroke, dementia, diabetes and lower mortality
what are the risks of alcohol intake
more than 2 drinks a day significantly increase risk of cardiovascular disease
risk for alcoholism
what restores sobriety
time
what is alcohol dehydrogenase
our primary defense against alcohol, a toxic molecule that compromises the function of our nervous system
what is wernike korsakoff syndrome
thiamin deficiency
