Ch 5: The Lipids

Question 1

Energy Density

Answer 1

1 gram of fat has more than 2x the energy of 1 gram of carbohydrates or proteins

Question 2

Satiety

Answer 2

adds to the feeling of being full

Question 3

What are the 3 classes of lipids (fats)?

Answer 3

1. triglycerides (95%)
2. phospholipids
3. sterols

Question 4

Triglycerides

Answer 4

most fat in the body is in this form

-three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone

Question 5

Fatty acids differ in ___ and ____ of saturation

Answer 5

length

degree

Question 6

Saturated fats

Answer 6

carried maximum number of hydrogen atoms

Question 7

Monounsaturated fats (MUFA’s)

Answer 7

has 1 point of unsaturation (a double bond- missing a hydrogen)

Question 8

Polyunsaturated fats (PUFA’s)

Answer 8

has 2 or more points of unsaturation

Question 9

where are saturated fats found

Answer 9

animal fats (lard)
full fat dairy
coconut and palm oil

Question 10

where are monounsaturated fats found

Answer 10

olives, olive oil, avocados, peanuts, canola oil, peanut oil

Question 11

where are polyunsaturated fats found

Answer 11

omega 3, omega 6

Question 12

where is omega 3 found

Answer 12

fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines, tuna) flaxseeds, walnuts, chia seeds

Question 13

where is omega 6 found

Answer 13

plants oils, nuts, seeds

Question 14

phospholipids

Answer 14

contain a glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids attached

Question 15

what is found in egg yolk, a phospholipids and used was an emulsifier in mayo

Answer 15

lecithin

Question 16

sterols

Answer 16

large rings of carbon atoms

Question 17

cholesterol

Answer 17

found in all animal cell membranes
non- essential (your body can make it)
does not travel freely in blood

Question 18

cholesterol serves as the raw material to make:

Answer 18

bile: emulsifier
vitamin d: sterol (made from cholesterol )
steroid hormones: sex hormones are sterols

Question 19

lipids demand special handling because they are

Answer 19

insoluble in water and body fluids consists largely of water

Question 20

New FDA regulation

Answer 20

removed trans fats from GRA’s list:

new requirement to remove hydrogenated oils in ingredients

Question 21

a diet too high in saturated fats has been associated with an increased risk of

Answer 21

heart and artery disease

Question 22

lipoproteins

Answer 22

transport fat in the body

Question 23

chylomicrons

Answer 23

formed with phospholipids and proteins to travel via lymph to liver

Question 24

VLDL

Answer 24

very low density lipoproteins carry Triglycerides from liver to body cells

Question 25

LDL

Answer 25

low density lipoproteins carry triglycerides to tissues and are made from VLDLs

Question 26

total fat intake

Answer 26

20-35% of total calories

Question 27

saturated fat intake

Answer 27

less than 10% of total calories

Question 28

the body cannot make essential fatty acids so they must be obtained by

Answer 28

diet

Question 29

2 main essential fatty acids

Answer 29

linoleic acid: omega 6

linolenic acid: omega 3

Question 30

essential fatty acids

Answer 30

you have to digest because your body can’t make them

Question 31

functions of fat

Answer 31

energy storage
padding fats protect internal organs
insulation fats insulate the body from extreme temperatures

Question 32

HDL

Answer 32

desirable cholesterol
high density lipoproteins carry cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for disposal
HEALTHY

Question 33

Recommended # of servings a week for fatty fish

Answer 33

minimum of 2 servings a week

a serving is only 3oz