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Interpersonal Communication > Ch 6 Nonverbal > Flashcards

Ch 6 Nonverbal Flashcards

1
Q

nonverbal cues

A

offer clues to the attitudes, feelings, and personality of a person; often modify, reinforce, or distort messages;
carry about 2/3 of message’s communication value

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2
Q

nonverbal communication

A

expressed through non-linguistic means;
actions or attributes of humans that have socially shared significance and simulate meaning in others;
-meaning depends on how they are interpreted;
-fulfill metacommunicative functions;
-clarify meaning of messages

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3
Q

metacommunication

A

communication about communication

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4
Q

functions of nonverbal communication

A

contradicting our verbal message; emphasizing/underscoring meaning;
regulating/controlling verbal interactions (establishing rules of order);
complementing/reinforcing verbal message;
substituting for words

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5
Q

leakage

A

clues to deception, changes in facial or vocal expression, gestures, or slips of the tongue.

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6
Q

ambiguity

A

what we communicate may be ambiguous and subject to misinterpretation.
-interpreted within a specific context.

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7
Q

deception

A

can be concealed or revealed by nonverbal communication

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8
Q

Interpersonal Deception Theory

A

Buller and Burgoon;
we can engage in falsification by creating fiction;
we can engage in concealment by hiding our real motives;
we can practice equivocation by evasion or changing the subject

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9
Q

Facial Action Coding System

A

Ekman and Friesen; a visual taxonomy of 3,000+ facial expressions that have meaning; used to interpret emotions and detect deception

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10
Q

visual/kinesic

A

type of nonverbal communication cue that includes kinesics, facial expression, eye movement, face work, gestures, posture

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11
Q

kinesics

A

study of human body motion

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12
Q

facial expression

A

prime communicator of emotion.

reveals whether parties to an interaction find it pleasant,
how interested individuals are,
degree of involvement,
whether responses are spontaneous or controlled,
extent to which messages are understood

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13
Q

eye movement

A

used to establish, maintain, and terminate contact;
reveals extent of interest and emotional involvement,
influence judgements of persuasiveness and perceptions of dominance or submissiveness; indicates whether a communication channel is open

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14
Q

Bandler & Grinder

A

said a relationship exists between eye movements and thought/cognitive processing, how truthful a person is, and what kind of learner they are

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15
Q

representational facial expressions

A

unconsciously made; communicate genuine inner feelings

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16
Q

presentational facial expressions

A

calculated to achieve a certain effect

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17
Q

microfacial/micromomentary expressions

A

last no more than 1/8 to 1/5 of a second; usually occur when an individual consciously or unconsciously attempts to disguise or conceal an emotion and that reveals an actual emotional state

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18
Q

emblems

A

type of cue; deliberate movements of the body that are consciously sent and easily translated into speech. ie. wave to mean come here.

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19
Q

illustrators

A

type of cue; bodily cues designed to enhance receiver comprehension by supporting it. ie talking with your hands.

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20
Q

regulators

A

type of cue; intentionally used to influence turn taking and to control conversation flow

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21
Q

affect displays

A

type of cue; unintentional movements that reflect the intensity of an emotional state ie slump, or proud

22
Q

adaptors

A

type of cue; unintentional movements that reveal information about psychological state or inner needs, like nervousness

23
Q

paralanguage

A

messages you send with only your voice. not what but HOW we say it.

24
Q

tone of voice

A

factor that affects outcome of vocal cue; helps you convey message or reveals thoughts you meant to conceal
helps determine actual meaning.

25
Q

pitch

A

factor that affects outcome of vocal cue; highness/lowness of voice.
helps determine actual meaning.

26
Q

volume

A

factor that affects outcome of vocal cue; power, loudness; effective communicators regulate volume to promote meaningful interaction

27
Q

rate

A

factor that affects outcome of vocal cue; average rate is 150 wpm; rate affects others’ judgment of our intensity and mood; quickens to relay agitation, excitement, happiness; slows to convey seriousness, serenity, sadness

28
Q

articulation

A

vocal cue; how individual words are pronounced, depends on sharpness of pronunciation

29
Q

pronunciation

A

vocal cue; conventional treatment of the sounds of a word; whether or not you say the words themselves correctly
-perceptions of credibility, might be difficult to understand if lacking.

30
Q

hesitations and silence

A

vocal cue; know when to pause
don’t use uh, you know, or OK
perceive your competence and confidence.
-can gather thoughts or silent treatment

31
Q

proxemics

A

study of how space and distance are used to communicate

32
Q

intimate distance

A

skin contact to 18 in;

33
Q

personal distance

A

18 in to 4 ft; used when we are most apt to converse informally

34
Q

social distance

A

4 to 12 ft; used when we conduct business or discuss nonpersonal issues

35
Q

public distance

A

12 ft and beyond; used to remove ourselves physically from the interaction when communicating with strangers or large groups

36
Q

Expectancy Violation Theory

A

outcomes of distance norm violations can be positive or negative (invading personal space)

37
Q

fixed features space

A

permanent characteristics; walls, doors, aisles

38
Q

semi-fixed feature space

A

movable objects that identify boundaries and either promote or inhibit communication; furniture, plants

39
Q

informal/non-fixed feature space

A

personal bubble

40
Q

territoriality

A

claiming space as one’s own; sense that space belongs to us

41
Q

haptics

A

study of how touch communicates; usually part of our closest relationships; amount of touching that is acceptable is often culturally driven

42
Q

touch

A

used to communicate attitude or affect, encourage affiliation, exert control or power; gauge of how much intimacy is desired in a relationship

43
Q

artifactual communication

A

what we wear and how we look; we perceive these to indicate status or power

44
Q

Halo effect

A

we tend to ascribe characteristics people don’t actually possess just because they’re attractive; we cut them more slack

45
Q

embodied cognition

A

what we wear affects our cognitive processes.
studies by Adam and Galinsky
-Clothing we have on not only influences how others see us but, by transforming our psychological state, also affects how we think about ourselves.

46
Q

olfactics

A

desire to use and appeal to the sense of smell; meant to trigger emotional reactions, sexual arousal, romance, or friendship; can recall good and bad memories

47
Q

color

A

affects us physically and emotionally;
are behavioral conditioners to many companies; have different meanings across cultures;
some companies give them new names to invoke new feelings

48
Q

chronemics

A

the study of how our use of time has message value;
whether we are early, punctual, or late;
whether we approach life with urgency or at a relaxed pace;
whether we are night owls or early birds

49
Q

chronemics & status

A

gives us greater power to control our own time and that of others

50
Q

contact cultures

A

relish intimacy of contact and tend to display warmth and be comfortable with closeness; seek maximum sensory experience

51
Q

non-contact cultures

A

place value on privacy; more likely to discourage intimacy

52
Q

visual dominance ratio

A

comparison of % of time spent looking while speaking and looking while listening (ratio is higher for men)

Interpersonal Communication (8 decks)

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