Ch. 1 Interpersonal Communication Flashcards
INTRApersonal communication -
when you talk or think to yourself; requires only one communicator
INTERpersonal communication -
an ongoing ever changing process; occurs when you interact with another person;
creates a dyad (2 people communicating with one another)
interpersonal mediated communication -
concept created by Gumpert and Cathcart;
describes any person to person interaction where a medium has been interposed to transcend the limitations of time and space
What qualitative continuum do relationships exist on? -
impersonal>>>>> to intimate
what is the goal of interpersonal communication? - how treated?
treat and respond to one another as genuine persons/ unique individuals, not objects or roles
what happens to a relationship the more personal it becomes? -
the more interdependent the people become
What type of rewards do we gain from our relationships?
intrinsic (emotionally, intellectually, spiritually) and extrinsic (impersonal professional relationships can help us achieve our goals)
What does effectiveness of relationships depend on?
the effort we put into those relationships
Are we born with interpersonal skills? -
no- we must learn them
When speaking to someone in that moment what four factors will impact our interpersonal skills? -
gender, environment, goals, culture
What is the goal of achieving interpersonal competence? what skills?
improve communication skills in all contexts, across cultures and generations
transactional model of communication -
sending and receiving occur simultaneously; the source and receiver continually influence one another; role duality (constantly sending and receiving)
what are the two types of messages
verbal, nonverbal
how is meaning determined
by the words used, tone of voice, facial expressions, posture, touch, appearance, smell (everything we do as a sender or receiver has potential message value)
define channel -
how messages travel; the medium that connects sender and receiver i.e. face to face, text, facebook
define noise -
anything that interferes with or impedes our ability to send or receive a message;
can be internal (thoughts/ feelings, hunger, shyness) or external (radio, color of room, street noise)
semantic noise -
inability to understand meaning of words or context in which they are used
physiological noise -
illness, discomfort, impairment in speech/ sight/ hearing/ memory
psychological noise -
anxiety, confusion, bias, close-mindedness, anger
intellectual noise -
information overload or unpreparedness
environmental noise -
distracting sounds, smells, sight or feel of the environment/ physical space
define feedback -
information we receive in response to a message sent; can be immediate or delayed
positive feedback -
enhances behavior
negative feedback -
stops behavior
internal feedback -
that which you give yourself as you self-assess
external feedback -
you receive from others
low monitored feedback -
spontaneous; candid
high monitored feedback -
carefully crafted response
feedforward -
opens the communication channel;
a form of phatic communication (social talk)
environmental and situational context -
physical location of interaction
cultural context
life space or cultural background (beliefs, values, and rules) of parties in the dyad
effect
how one is influenced by interaction emotionally, physically, cognitively
Linear Model of Communication -
unidirectional;
communication goes in only one direction: instructions, directions, signs, email, texts, youtube
interaction model of communication -
back and forth; presence and effect of both feedback and context, but receiver not actively involved in creating meaning: IMs, class presentation
transactional model -
give-and-take;
exchanges with source and receiver responding simultaneously face-to-face
what are the three models of communication -
linear (unidirectional),
interaction (back and forth), and
transactional (give and take)
how does interpersonal communication enhance our lives?
fulfills psychological functions (well being);
it fulfills social functions (affection, inclusion, control);
it fulfills information functions (reducing uncertainty);
it fulfills influence functions (persuasion, achievement of goals/ objectives)
interpersonal patterns
reasoned sense making= understanding individuals/ predict behavior, and
retrospective sense-making= understanding our own behavior once it has occurred
What did Edward T Hall say about communication -
culture is communication, and communication is culture
Individualistic cultures -
stress individual goals
you are responsible for yourself and maybe your immediate family
collectivist cultures -
stress group goals, responsible for entire group
high context cultures -
more tradition-bound, appear to others as overly polite and indirect eg asian cultures, joy luck club
low context cultures -
less tradition-bound and more direct/ verbally explicit
what did McLuhan say about communication and technology? -
the media is the message
Channels affect both the sending/receiving of messages
gaining communication competence -
add to your storehouse of knowledge about interpersonal communication;
recognize how your relationships affect you;
analyze your options;
interact ethically, respect diversity, and think critically about person to person contacts;
practice and apply skills to improve interpersonal performance
every interpersonal communication contact shares 3 things -
key characteristics,
core communication principles, and
axioms
5 characteristics of an effective interpersonal communicator.
- does not take others for granted
- does not repeat scenarios/ scripts that are doomed to fail
- does not follow stereotypes
- is guided by skill and knowledge
- works through problems to enhance self-worth
What factors affect how you are perceived when you communicate with someone? The 7 essential elements of interpersonal communication.
1) people involved
2) message(s) that each person sends or receives
3) channel(s) used
4) amount of noise present
5) context (environment/ setting)
6) feedback sent in response
7) the acts effect(s) on individuals involved
5 characteristics of interpersonal communication
1) it is a dynamic process
2) it is unrepeatable
3) it is irreversible (offline and online)
4) it is learned
5) characterized by wholeness and nonsummativity (whole is greater than sum of parts)
5 communication axioms or universally accepted principles of communicaiton that enable us to understand interpersonal interactions more fully.
Universally accepted Principles of communication
1) you cannot not communicate
2) every interaction has both a content and a relationship dimension
3) every interaction is defined by how it is punctuated
4) messages consist of verbal symbols and nonverbal cues
5) interactions are either symmetrical or complementary
Anything that interferes with or impedes our ability to send or receive a message is known as which of the following?
Noise
As we interact, we are influenced in some way by the interaction. This is known as which of the following?
Effect
We negotiate the meaning we derive from interpersonal communication by sending and receiving what two types of messages?
Verbal, nonverbal
Identifiable behavioral patterns and motivations explain which of the features of interpersonal contact?
Core Communication Principles
During interpersonal contacts, as we share information we reduce the amount of which of the following in our lives?
uncertainty
The ability to communicate effectively is known as ______.
Interpersonal competence
If the color of a room is not appealing to you, which of the elements of communication would be affected the most?
Noise
Interpersonal communication involves understanding patterns of behavior, predicting what others will do, and doing what for their actions as well as our own?
providing reasons
Reasoned sense making
Retrospective sense making
In which type of culture you are responsible for yourself and maybe your immediate family?
individualistic
Interpersonal communication serves many functions in our lives; which is a function it typically serves?
Social
