ch 6 epidemiology: the science of prevention Flashcards
epidemiology
study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations; used both as a research methodology for studying states of health and illness and as a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of illness
epi- upon
demi- people
ology- study
rates
the primary measurement used to describe either the occurrence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness
john snow
mapped out where cholera is and correlated it with the broad street pump system
florence nightingale
nurse and epidemiologist
She created a polar area diagram illustration of deaths in the military hospital during the Crimean War, allowing her to compare and contrast the deaths and their causes.
EPIDEMIOLGOIC MODELS
epi triad- show the occurrence of a disease (COVID)
wheel of causation- describes how something is developed (obesity)
natural history of disease- shows of SDOH impacts occurrence (obesity, CVD)
apply epi principles in practice
assessment of health needs/assets
promote healthy lifestyles (education)
prevent/control outbreaks
contribute to a safe/healthy environment
evaluate effectiveness
EX community clinical assessment
community assessment
data may be gathered through observations, surveys, or interviews
this data would be QUALITATIVE (not statistics used)
interventions for community
NOT every intervention works for each community
Plan-
outline goals-objectives
strategies
completion date
readiness of community
availability
nurses role
social change
which epidemiologic model includes the most detail analysis of social determinants of health
web of causation (caused by SDOH and shows chain)
KEY CONCEPTS
early attempts at understanding the reasons for disease were primarily a direct result of trial-and error observations of individual people
study of illness and causes of death in groups of people in the 17th century. Founders of epidemiology as the science of preventative medicine include John Snow and Florence Nightingale
epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of the states of health and illness in human populations, with the goal of preventing and limiting consequences and maximizing states of health
individual and community assessments, using epidemiologic principles, from the database that provides the evidence and rationale for interventions
Promoting healthy lifestyles utilizes epidemiologic data, such as those found in the BRFSS. The US publication Healthy People 2030 defines measurable objectives to be achieved over the third decade in the 21st century
nurses, in their care of individual and community clients, have the potential to link environments exposure to illness and disease
epidemiologic data, collected during assessments that establish the need for health programs, are also used to evaluate those services
