Ch 6 Energy Flashcards
First law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change from one form to another.
Some energy is lost as heat
Energy
Capacity to do work
Second law of thermodynamics
Entropy (disorder) is continuously increasing. Converts matter for a more ordered less stable form to a less ordered more stable form
Free energy
Energy available to do work
Activation energy
Extra energy required to destabilize existing bonds and initiate a chemical reaction. Larger activation energy proceeds more slowly.
Catalysts
Substances that influence chemical bonds in a way that lowers activation energy
Active site
Pockets or clefts for substrate binding. Precise a fit into active site.
Inhibitors
Substance that binds to enzyme and decrease its activity
Competitive inhibitor
Competes with subtracted for active site
Non competitive inhibitor
Binds to enzymes at a site other than the active site. Causes shape change that makes enzyme unable to bind substrate.
Endergonic reactions
Not spontaneous. Absorbs energy.
Ex photosynthesis absorbing light energy to create glucose and oxygen and anabolic reactions
Exergonic reaction
Spontaneous. Releases energy.
– ex catobolic reactions
Metabolism
Total of all chemical reactions carried out by an organism
Anabolic reactions
Use energy from catobolic to build up molecules. Stores energy
Catabolic reactions
breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules. Release energy that helps drive chemical reaction
