Atoms Flashcards
What is hydrophilic
A molecule that loves water
What is hydrophobic
Molecule that fears water
Hydrogen bonds
Makes water unique. Has the ability to stick together.
Polarity of water
- within water molecule, bonds between oxygen and hydrogen are highly polar
- oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen
What is a reactant?
The original molecules in a equation
What is a product?
Molecules resulting from a reaction
What are chemical reactions?
This involves the formation or breaking of chemical bonds
- atoms shift from one molecule to another without and change in number of identity of atoms.
Polar covalent bonds
Unequal sharing of electrons
Non polar covalent bonds
Equal sharing of electrons
What are covalent bonds?
This forms when atoms share 2 or more valence electrons.
- results in no net charge. Satisfies Octet rule
- strength of bonds depends on # of shared electrons.
What are ionic bonds
Formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions.
This results in gain or loss of electrons
What is the Bohr model?
Electrons In discrete orbits around a nucleus
Octet rule
Atoms tend to establish completely full out energy levels
4 elements that make up the body
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
What is redox?
During some chemical reactions, electrons can be transferred from 1 atom to another.
What is oxidation?
Loss of an electron from an atom
What is reduction?
Gain of an electron from an atom
What are the Energy levels of electrons
Electrons further from the nucleus have more energy.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of a single element that possess different # of neutrons
Atomic mass
Sum of protons and neutrons
Ions
Charged particles, unbalanced. Rather than neutral atoms
What is Cation in an atom?
More protons than electrons. This is a net positive charge
What is anion in an atom?
Fewer protons than electrons. This is a negative charge.
Valence electrons
of electrons in outermost energy level
