CH. 6

Question 1

Answers to Assessment in Action Questions

Answer 1

1. Answer: A Coronal
2. Answer: B Carotid
3. Answer: C Femur
4. Answer: D Calcium
5. Answer: A Zygoma
6. Answer: C Radius
7. Answer: A Hinge
8. Answer: Respiratory compromise is the inability of the body to move gas effectively. It occurs when either ventilation or respiration is impaired. The heart and brain cells cannot survive without a constant supply of oxygen, and will die in minutes.
   Decreased oxygen levels force cells to move from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism. Cellular functions become impaired. Lactic acid is created as a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. Once too much lactic acid is created, the pH of the blood will drop, and cells will die.
9. Answer: The brain stem is the control center that regulates a person’s level of consciousness and vital signs. The brain stem is composed of three smaller components: the midbrain, medulla, and pons. The midbrain is responsible for a person’s level of consciousness, whereas the pons and the medulla regulate and maintain the blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
10. Answer: The autonomic nervous system is divided into two halvesthe parasympathetic nervous system that dominates during periods of rest and relaxation, and the sympathetic nervous system that takes over in times of stress. When the body recognizes that irregularities are occurring, the sympathetic nervous system kicks into action and increases the vital signs to help the body adapt and attempt to reestablish normal function. The brain stem also helps to control the heart rate.