CH. 10

Question 1

Answers to Assessment in Action Questions

Answer 1

Answers to Assessment in Action Questions

1. Answer: C. Insert an oral airway and begin ventilations with a bag-mask device.
2. Answer: D. Reposition the airway by bringing the head back to a neutral position, then reopen the airway and attempt to ventilate.
3. Answer: A. Minimal or no chest rise and fall
4. Answer: B. Provide slow, gentle breaths during artificial ventilation over 1 second.
5. Answer: D. Insertion of a nasal airway
6. Answer: A. Roll the patient onto his side to allow for drainage of emesis.
7. Answer: B. Peripheral vasoconstriction
8. Answer: Oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide at the cellular level. In the presence of oxygen, cells convert glucose to energy through a process known as aerobic metabolism. The byproducts of this process are energy, water, and carbon dioxide. When cells attempt to convert glucose into energy without oxygen, less energy, lactic acid, and toxins accumulate in the cells. This process, anaerobic metabolism, does not meet the metabolic demands of the cell. The accumulation of lactic acid and toxins will eventually lead to cellular death if not corrected.
9. Answer: Ventilation is the physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs. The process of oxygenation occurs at the cellular level and is not involved in the physical act of moving air. In oxygenation, oxygen molecules are loaded onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream.
10. Answer: You should provide assisted ventilations with a bag-mask device connected to oxygen. Even though this patient is breathing spontaneously, shallow respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute is not enough ventilation to provide adequate oxygenation to meet the needs of the body. Without assisted ventilations, it is likely the patient’s hypoxia will get worse, leading to poor tissue perfusion resulting in anaerobic metabolism and tissue damage.