Ch 5.2: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a protein?
biologically functional molecule made up of one + polypeptides, each folded and coiled into a specific structure
What does a protein do?
speeds up chemical reactions, defense, storage, transport, cellular communication, movement, or structural support
What is a catalyst?
chemical agents that selectively speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction
What are amina acids bonded with?
peptide bonds
What is the polymer of an amino acid?
polypeptide
What is an amino acid?
organic molecule with both an amino group and a carboxyl group
What are the three leves of structure for proteins?
primary structure, secondary structure, and tertiary structure
Primary Structure
sequence of amino acids, 3 letter abbreviations, order of amino acids is inherited, and side chains and chemica nature of amino acids dictates secondary and tertiary structure
What is sickle cell disease?
a blood disorder that changes the primary structure of hemoglobin
Secondary Structure
coils and folds are formed by hydrogen bonds between polyoeotide backbone, while generally weak many H bonds together gives this structure
What are the two types of secondary structure?
α helix and β pleated sheet
What is an β pleated sheet?
segments of polypeptide chain laying side by side, held together by H bonds
What is an α helix?
a coild held together by H bonds between every 4th amino acids
Tertiary Structure
overall shape of a polypeptide, driven by interactions between side chains, hydrophobic interactions (van der waals), hydrogen bonds between polar side chains
Quaternary Structure
arises when a protein consists of two or more polypeptide chains, results from aggregation of polypeptide subunits
