Ch 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Question 1

What determines the primary structure of a protein

Answer 1

Order of amino acids is programmed by genes

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Segment of DNA

Question 3

DNA is a

Answer 3

Polymer

Question 4

Nucleotide is a

Answer 4

Monomer

Question 5

Two types of nucleic acids

Answer 5

DNA and RNA

Question 6

What provides direction for its own replication and directs RNA synthesis?

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

Gene Expression

Answer 7

1. Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
2. Movement of mRNA into the cytoplasm via the nuclear pore
3. Synthesis of protein using information carried on mRNA

Question 8

What is DNA?

Answer 8

the genetic material inherited from parents, encoded info that programs all your cell’s activities, stored as one long molecule in chromosomes, carrying several hundred + genes

Question 9

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Answer 9

DNA to RNA (mRNA) to Protein

Question 10

Protein synthesis occurs in the

Answer 10

Ribosomes

Question 11

mRNA

Answer 11

conveys genetic instructions for building proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 12

Nucleotide

Answer 12

a five-carbon sugar (pentose), a nitrogen-containing (nitrogenous) base, one to three phosphate groups, and loses two phosphate groups

Question 13

Nucleoside

Answer 13

the portion of a nucleotide without any phosphate groups

Question 14

Polynucleotide

Answer 14

multiple nucleotides bonded together

Question 15

The two families of nitrogenous bases

Answer 15

Pyrimidines and Purines

Question 16

Pyrimidine

Answer 16

one six-membered ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms

Question 17

Purines

Answer 17

larger, with a six-membered ring fused tp a five-membered ring

Question 18

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

Answer 18

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine

Question 19

Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

Answer 19

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil

Question 20

Sugar in DNA

Answer 20

Deoxyribose

Question 21

Sugar in RNA

Answer 21

RIbose

Question 22

What reaction binds nucleotides, forming a polynucleotides?

Answer 22

Condensation Reaction

Question 23

Phosphodiester Linkage

Answer 23

phosphate group covalently bonds the sugars of two nucleotides

Question 24

Double Helix

Answer 24

a DNA molecule has two polynucleotides wind around an imaginary axis

Question 25

Two strand are held together by

Answer 25

hydrogen bonds between the paired bases

Question 26

Specific pairing between bases

Answer 26

Adenine—Thymine (Uracil)
Guanine—Cytosine

Question 27

Daughter Cells

Answer 27

When one cell divides, copies of DNA strands are distributed to the daughter cells, making them genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 28

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 28

brings amino acids to the ribosome during the synthesis of polypeptides

Question 29

DNA Sequencing

Answer 29

determining the sequence of nucleotides along a DNA strand

Question 30

Genome

Answer 30

all of the DNA in an individual

Question 31

Bioinformatics

Answer 31

the use of computer software and other computational tools that can handle and analyze these large data sets

Question 32

Genomics/proteomics

Answer 32

understanding genomes/proteins