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Bio Exam 1 > Ch 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry > Flashcards

Ch 1: Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Science?

A

it is a way of knowing, tool to understand the world around us

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2
Q

How do we do science?

A

Making observations, forming logical, testable explanations (hypotheses), testing them, and repeat

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3
Q

Examples of making observation

A

physical observations, microscopes, high speed cameras, and scientific literature

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4
Q

What is inductive reasoning?

A

reasoning from a set of specific observations to reach a general conclusion, collection and analyzing observations can lead to important conclusions based on a type of logic, ex “All organisms are made of cells”, “The sun rises in the East”

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5
Q

What is deductive reasoning?

A

a logical approach that begins with generalized information to a specific conclusion, ex “All birds have feather–> penguins have feathers–> penguins are birds”

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6
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

an explanation based on observations and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction

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7
Q

A hypothesis must be:

A

testable, falsifiable

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8
Q

True or False: The experience has given us information that proves or hypothesis correct

A

False, the data only supports the hypothesis, not proves it

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9
Q

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a hypothesis?

A

Scientific is much broader in scope than a hypothesis, a theory is general enough to spin off many new testable hypotheses, a theory is generally supported by a much greater body of evidence, scientists will sometimes modify or even reject a previously supported theory is new research consistently disproves it.

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10
Q

What is biology?

A

Biology is the study of life

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11
Q

What are the five themes of life?

A

organization, information, energy and matter, interactions, and evolution

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12
Q

Organization

A

New properties emerge at successive levels of biological organization

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13
Q

The Biosphere

A

consists of all life on earth and all the places where life exists

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14
Q

Ecosystems

A

consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts, such as soil, water, atmospheric gases, and light.

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15
Q

Communities

A

the array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

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16
Q

Populations

A

consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area

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17
Q

Organisms

A

individual living things

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18
Q

Organs

A

a body part that is made up of multiple tissues and has specific functions in the body

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19
Q

Tissues

A

a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function

20
Q

Cells

A

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

21
Q

Organelles

A

the various functional components present in cells

22
Q

Molecules

A

a chemical structure consisting of two or more units called atoms

23
Q

What is reductionism?

A

an aproach that reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study

24
Q

What are emergent properties?

A

properties that become apparent and result from various interacting components within a system but are properties that do not belong to the individual components themselves

25
Q

True or False: correlations of structure and function are common in all living things

A

True

26
Q

True or False: analyzing a biological structure does not give us clues about with it does and how it works

A

False, analyzing biological structure does give us clues

27
Q

What is cell theory?

A

all living organisms are made of cells, which are the basic unit of life

28
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

bacteria and archaea

29
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

all other forms of life (plants, animals, fungi, protists)

30
Q

Information

A

life’s processes involve the expression and transmission of genetic informations

31
Q

Where is the information stored?

A

within cells, structures called chromosomes contain genetic material in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

32
Q

Energy and Matter

A

life requires the transfer and transformation of energy and matte

33
Q

Energy (ecosystem)

A

energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, usually entering as light and exiting as heat

34
Q

Chemicals (ecosystem)

A

chemicals cycle within an ecosystem, where they are used and then recycled

35
Q

Interactions

A

from molecules to ecosystems, interactions are important in biological systems

36
Q

Why are interactions between biological systems important?

A

at any level of the biological hierarchy, interactions between the components of the system ensure the smooth integration of all the parts, such that they function as a whole

37
Q

Interactions between organisms include those that are:

A

mutually beneficial, one species benefits and the other is harmed, both are harmed

38
Q

Evolution

A

occurs as the unequal reproductive success of individuals ultimately leads to adaption to their environment and deversification

39
Q

What is the two part name of a species?

A

Genus species

40
Q

How do we categorize organisms?

A

structure function, morphology, and DNA

41
Q

What are the three main groups of domains for organisms?

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

42
Q

What are Bacteria and Archaea?

A

consist of single-celled prokaryotic organisms

43
Q

What is in the domain Eukarya?

A

eukaryotes

44
Q

What are the four subgroups (kingdoms) of Eukarya?

A

plantae, fungi, animalia, and protists

45
Q

The Genetic Code

A

universal language of DNA

46
Q

What type of logic were Darwin and Wallace using in the theory of natural selection?

A

inductive

47
Q

Theory of Natural Selection

A

natural environment consistently “selects” for certain traits among naturally occurring variation in the population

Bio Exam 1 (8 decks)

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