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AP Biology Vocabulary > Ch. 51 - Animal Behavior > Flashcards

Ch. 51 - Animal Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

An action carried out by muscles under control of the nervous system

A

Behavior

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2
Q

The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

A

Behavioral Ecology

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3
Q

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus

A

Fixed Action Pattern

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4
Q

An external cue that triggers a fixed action pattern

A

Sign Stimulus

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5
Q

A regular, long-distance change in location

A

Migration

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6
Q

Behavioral rhythms linked to the daily cycle of rest and activity

A

Circadian Rhythm

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7
Q

Behavioral rhythms linked to the yearly cycle of seasons

A

Circannual Rhythms

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8
Q

A stimulus transmitted from one organism to another

A

Signal

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9
Q

The transmission and reception of signals between animals

A

Communication

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10
Q

Chemical substances which animals use to communnicate through odors and tastes

A

Pheromones

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11
Q

Behavior that is developmentally fixed

A

Innate Behavior

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12
Q

A study in which the young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species in the same or a similar environment

A

Cross-Fostering Study

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13
Q

A study in which researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with the behavior of those raised in the same household

A

Twin Study

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14
Q

The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences

A

Learning

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15
Q

The establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object

A

Imprinting

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16
Q

The specific time period in development in which imprinting can take place

A

Sensitive Period

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17
Q

The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure

A

Spatial Learning

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18
Q

A representation in an animal’s nervous system of the spatial relationships between objects in its surroundings

A

Cognitive Map

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19
Q

The ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as a foul taste)

A

Associative Learning

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20
Q

The process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

A

Cognition

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21
Q

The cognitive ability of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real or apparent obstacles

A

Problem Solving

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22
Q

Learning through observing others

A

Social Learning

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23
Q

A system of information transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individuals in a population

A

Culture

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24
Q

A behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food. Although obtaining food provides the animal with energy, searching for and capturing the food require both energy and time.

A

Optimal Foraging Model

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25
Q

One male mating with one female

A

Monogamous

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26
Q

One individual of one sex mating with several of the other

A

Polygamous

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27
Q

One male mating with many females

A

Polygyny

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28
Q

One female mating with multiple males

A

Polyandry

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29
Q

The extent to which males and females of a species differ in appearance

A

Sexual dimorphism

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30
Q

A behavior in which individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others

A

Mate-Choice Copying

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31
Q

A tool used by behavioral ecologists to evaluate alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends on the strategies of all the individuals involved

A

Game Theory

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32
Q

A behavior that decreases an animal’s individual fitness, but increases the fitness of other individuals in the population

A

Altruism

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33
Q

The total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to produce offspring

A

Inclusive Fitness

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34
Q

The fraction of genes that, on average, are shared by two organisms

A

Coefficient of Relatedness

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35
Q

Natural selection benefits altruism when the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruism

A

Hamilton’s Rule

36
Q

Natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives

A

Kin Selection

37
Q

Altruistic behavior toward animals that are not relatives, which is adaptive if the aided individual returns the favor in the future

A

Reciprocal Altruism

38
Q

The scientific study of the biological (especially ecological and evolutionary) aspects of social behavior in animals and humans.

A

Sociobiology

39
Q

The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus.

A

Habituation

40
Q

A warning cry made by a bird or other animal when startled.

A

Alarm Call

41
Q

An undirected movement of a cell, organism, or part in response to an external stimulus.

A

Kinesis

42
Q

The science of animal behavior.

A

Ethology

43
Q

Search widely for food or provisions.

A

Forage

44
Q

Define the following term:

Behavior

A

An action carried out by muscles under control of the nervous system

45
Q

Define the following term:

Behavioral Ecology

A

The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis for animal behavior

46
Q

Define the following term:

Fixed Action Pattern

A

A sequence of unlearned acts directly linked to a simple stimulus

47
Q

Define the following term:

Sign Stimulus

A

An external cue that triggers a fixed action pattern

48
Q

Define the following term:

Migration

A

A regular, long-distance change in location

49
Q

Define the following term:

Circadian Rhythm

A

Behavioral rhythms linked to the daily cycle of rest and activity

50
Q

Define the following term:

Circannual Rhythms

A

Behavioral rhythms linked to the yearly cycle of seasons

51
Q

Define the following term:

Signal

A

A stimulus transmitted from one organism to another

52
Q

Define the following term:

Communication

A

The transmission and reception of signals between animals

53
Q

Define the following term:

Pheromones

A

Chemical substances which animals use to communnicate through odors and tastes

54
Q

Define the following term:

Innate Behavior

A

Behavior that is developmentally fixed

55
Q

Define the following term:

Cross-Fostering Study

A

A study in which the young of one species are placed in the care of adults from another species in the same or a similar environment

56
Q

Define the following term:

Twin Study

A

A study in which researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with the behavior of those raised in the same household

57
Q

Define the following term:

Learning

A

The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences

58
Q

Define the following term:

Imprinting

A

The establishment of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object

59
Q

Define the following term:

Sensitive Period

A

The specific time period in development in which imprinting can take place

60
Q

Define the following term:

Spatial Learning

A

The establishment of a memory that reflects the environment’s spatial structure

61
Q

Define the following term:

Cognitive Map

A

A representation in an animal’s nervous system of the spatial relationships between objects in its surroundings

62
Q

Define the following term:

Associative Learning

A

The ability to associate one environmental feature (such as a color) with another (such as a foul taste)

63
Q

Define the following term:

Cognition

A

The process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

64
Q

Define the following term:

Problem Solving

A

The cognitive ability of devising a method to proceed from one state to another in the face of real or apparent obstacles

65
Q

Define the following term:

Social Learning

A

Learning through observing others

66
Q

Define the following term:

Culture

A

A system of information transfer through social learning or teaching that influences the behavior of individuals in a population

67
Q

Define the following term:

Optimal Foraging Model

A

A behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food. Although obtaining food provides the animal with energy, searching for and capturing the food require both energy and time.

68
Q

Define the following term:

Monogamous

A

One male mating with one female

69
Q

Define the following term:

Polygamous

A

One individual of one sex mating with several of the other

70
Q

Define the following term:

Polygyny

A

One male mating with many females

71
Q

Define the following term:

Polyandry

A

One female mating with multiple males

72
Q

Define the following term:

Sexual dimorphism

A

The extent to which males and females of a species differ in appearance

73
Q

Define the following term:

Mate-Choice Copying

A

A behavior in which individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others

74
Q

Define the following term:

Game Theory

A

A tool used by behavioral ecologists to evaluate alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends on the strategies of all the individuals involved

75
Q

Define the following term:

Altruism

A

A behavior that decreases an animal’s individual fitness, but increases the fitness of other individuals in the population

76
Q

Define the following term:

Inclusive Fitness

A

The total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to produce offspring

77
Q

Define the following term:

Coefficient of Relatedness

A

The fraction of genes that, on average, are shared by two organisms

78
Q

Define the following term:

Hamilton’s Rule

A

Natural selection benefits altruism when the benefit to the recipient multiplied by the coefficient of relatedness exceeds the cost to the altruism

79
Q

Define the following term:

Kin Selection

A

Natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives

80
Q

Define the following term:

Reciprocal Altruism

A

Altruistic behavior toward animals that are not relatives, which is adaptive if the aided individual returns the favor in the future

81
Q

Define the following term:

Sociobiology

A

The scientific study of the biological (especially ecological and evolutionary) aspects of social behavior in animals and humans.

82
Q

Define the following term:

Habituation

A

The diminishing of a physiological or emotional response to a frequently repeated stimulus.

83
Q

Define the following term:

Alarm Call

A

A warning cry made by a bird or other animal when startled.

84
Q

Define the following term:

Kinesis

A

An undirected movement of a cell, organism, or part in response to an external stimulus.

85
Q

Define the following term:

Ethology

A

The science of animal behavior.

86
Q

Define the following term:

Forage

A

Search widely for food or provisions.

AP Biology Vocabulary (7 decks)

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