Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

Question 1

Descent with modification

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

The remains or traces of organisms from the past

Answer 2

Fossils

Question 3

Superimposed layers of rock formed as new layers of sediment cover and compress older ones

Answer 3

Strata

Question 4

The study of fossils

Answer 4

Paleontology

Question 5

The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events

Answer 5

Catastrophism

Question 6

The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes

Answer 6

Uniformitarianism

Question 7

Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments

Answer 7

Adaptations

Question 8

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than do other individuals because of those traits

Answer 8

Natural selection

Question 9

The process in which humans modify other species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits

Answer 9

Artificial selection

Question 10

Similarity resulting from common ancestry

Answer 10

Homology

Question 11

Variations on a structural theme that was present in a common ancestor

Answer 11

Homologous structures

Question 12

Remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors

Answer 12

Vestigial structures

Question 13

A diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms

Answer 13

Evolutionary tree

Question 14

The independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Answer 14

Convergent evolution

Question 15

Shared by species without common ancestors because of convergent evolution

Answer 15

Analogous

Question 16

The scientific study of geographic distributions of species

Answer 16

Biogeography

Question 17

The ancient single continent on Earth about 250 million years ago

Answer 17

Pangaea

Question 18

Found nowhere else in the world

Answer 18

Endemic

Question 19

Define the following term:

Evolution

Answer 19

Descent with modification

Question 20

Define the following term:

Fossils

Answer 20

The remains or traces of organisms from the past

Question 21

Define the following term:

Strata

Answer 21

Superimposed layers of rock formed as new layers of sediment cover and compress older ones

Question 22

Define the following term:

Paleontology

Answer 22

The study of fossils

Question 23

Define the following term:

Catastrophism

Answer 23

The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted chiefly from sudden violent and unusual events

Question 24

Define the following term:

Uniformitarianism

Answer 24

The theory that changes in the earth’s crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes

Question 25

Define the following term:

Adaptations

Answer 25

Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments

Question 26

Define the following term:

Natural selection

Answer 26

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than do other individuals because of those traits

Question 27

Define the following term:

Artificial selection

Answer 27

The process in which humans modify other species over many generations by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits

Question 28

Define the following term:

Homology

Answer 28

Similarity resulting from common ancestry

Question 29

Define the following term:

Homologous structures

Answer 29

Variations on a structural theme that was present in a common ancestor

Question 30

Define the following term:

Vestigial structures

Answer 30

Remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors

Question 31

Define the following term:

Evolutionary tree

Answer 31

A diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms

Question 32

Define the following term:

Convergent evolution

Answer 32

The independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Question 33

Define the following term:

Analogous

Answer 33

Shared by species without common ancestors because of convergent evolution

Question 34

Define the following term:

Biogeography

Answer 34

The scientific study of geographic distributions of species

Question 35

Define the following term:

Pangaea

Answer 35

The ancient single continent on Earth about 250 million years ago

Question 36

Define the following term:

Endemic

Answer 36

Found nowhere else in the world