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AP Biology Vocabulary > Ch. 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance > Flashcards

Ch. 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

Chromosomes and genes are present in pairs in diploid cells, and homologous chromosomes separate

A

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

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2
Q

The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations

A

Wild type

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3
Q

A gene located on either sex chromosome

A

Sex-linked gene

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4
Q

Genes located on the X chromosome

A

X-linked genes

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5
Q

An X-linked disorder, like color-blindness, which affects one in 3,500 males born in the US which causes progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination

A

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

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6
Q

An X-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting

A

Hemophilia

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7
Q

The condensed, compacted, inactive X chromosome in each cell of a female

A

Barr body

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8
Q

Genes that are located near each other on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together

A

Linked genes

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9
Q

The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either P generation parent

A

Genetic recombination

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10
Q

F1 offspring that match the phenotype of one or both parent(s)

A

Parental types

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11
Q

Offspring with phenotypes different from either parent

A

Recombinant types or recombinants

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12
Q

Homologous chromosomes are paired, and certain segments switch from one chromosome to the other, increasing genetic diversity

A

Crossing over

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13
Q

An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome

A

Genetic map

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14
Q

A genetic map based on recombination frequencies

A

Linkage map

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15
Q

The distance between genes in a linkage map; equivalent to the % recombination frequency

A

Map units

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16
Q

A pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate

A

Nondisjunction

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17
Q

Having an abnormal number of a particular chromosome

A

Aneuploidy

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18
Q

Missing one chromosome in a pair

A

Monosomic

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19
Q

Having three chromosomes in a pair instead of two

A

Trisomic

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20
Q

Having more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells

A

Polyploidy

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21
Q

A chromosome fragment is lost

A

Deletion

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22
Q

Part of a chromosome is present more than once

A

Duplication

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23
Q

When a chromosome fragment attaches back to the original, but in reverse orientation

A

Inversion

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24
Q

A chromosomal fragment joins a non-homologous chromosome

A

Translocation

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25
Q

An aneuploid condition that results from an extra chromosome 21

A

Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21

26
Q

Aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes resulting in 2 X chromosomes and a Y

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

27
Q

Having three X chromosomes

A

Trisomy X

28
Q

Having one X chromosome

A

Turner Syndrome or Monosomy X

29
Q

Variation in phenotype depending on which parent passed on an allele

A

Genomic imprinting

30
Q

Genes passed matrilineally in mammals

A

Mitochondrial genes

31
Q

Define the following term:

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

Chromosomes and genes are present in pairs in diploid cells, and homologous chromosomes separate

32
Q

Define the following term:

Wild type

A

The phenotype for a character most commonly observed in natural populations

33
Q

Define the following term:

Sex-linked gene

A

A gene located on either sex chromosome

34
Q

Define the following term:

X-linked genes

A

Genes located on the X chromosome

35
Q

Define the following term:

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

A

An X-linked disorder, like color-blindness, which affects one in 3,500 males born in the US which causes progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination

36
Q

Define the following term:

Hemophilia

A

An X-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting

37
Q

Define the following term:

Barr body

A

The condensed, compacted, inactive X chromosome in each cell of a female

38
Q

Define the following term:

Linked genes

A

Genes that are located near each other on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together

39
Q

Define the following term:

Genetic recombination

A

The production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either P generation parent

40
Q

Define the following term:

Parental types

A

F1 offspring that match the phenotype of one or both parent(s)

41
Q

Define the following term:

Recombinant types or recombinants

A

Offspring with phenotypes different from either parent

42
Q

Define the following term:

Crossing over

A

Homologous chromosomes are paired, and certain segments switch from one chromosome to the other, increasing genetic diversity

43
Q

Define the following term:

Genetic map

A

An ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome

44
Q

Define the following term:

Linkage map

A

A genetic map based on recombination frequencies

45
Q

Define the following term:

Map units

A

The distance between genes in a linkage map; equivalent to the % recombination frequency

46
Q

Define the following term:

Nondisjunction

A

A pair of homologous chromosomes fails to separate

47
Q

Define the following term:

Aneuploidy

A

Having an abnormal number of a particular chromosome

48
Q

Define the following term:

Monosomic

A

Missing one chromosome in a pair

49
Q

Define the following term:

Trisomic

A

Having three chromosomes in a pair instead of two

50
Q

Define the following term:

Polyploidy

A

Having more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells

51
Q

Define the following term:

Deletion

A

A chromosome fragment is lost

52
Q

Define the following term:

Duplication

A

Part of a chromosome is present more than once

53
Q

Define the following term:

Inversion

A

When a chromosome fragment attaches back to the original, but in reverse orientation

54
Q

Define the following term:

Translocation

A

A chromosomal fragment joins a non-homologous chromosome

55
Q

Define the following term:

Down Syndrome or Trisomy 21

A

An aneuploid condition that results from an extra chromosome 21

56
Q

Define the following term:

Klinefelter Syndrome

A

Aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes resulting in 2 X chromosomes and a Y

57
Q

Define the following term:

Trisomy X

A

Having three X chromosomes

58
Q

Define the following term:

Turner Syndrome or Monosomy X

A

Having one X chromosome

59
Q

Define the following term:

Genomic imprinting

A

Variation in phenotype depending on which parent passed on an allele

60
Q

Define the following term:

Mitochondrial genes

A

Genes passed matrilineally in mammals

AP Biology Vocabulary (7 decks)

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