Ch. 5 -- The First Humans Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomically modern Homo sapiens

A

Human beings anatomically indistinguishable form those living today

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2
Q

Archaic Homo sapiens

A

Extinct sub-species of humanity that share much in common with modern or anatomically modern Homo sapiens, but who commonly retain primitive skeletal features and possess a somewhat smaller mean cranial capacity than modern people

Also called premodern Homo sapiens

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3
Q

Aurignacian

A

Lithic tool technology associated with anatomically modern human beings in Europe about 40,000 ya

Includes long, narrow blade tools

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4
Q

Blade

A

Long, thin stone flakes, commonly twice as long as they are wide

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5
Q

Châtelperronian

A

Lithic technology including the use of blades that appears to be intermediate in form and time between Mousterian and Aurignacian

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6
Q

Enamel hypoplasia

A

Medical condition affecting the outside layers of teeth

Horizontal cracks develop on the enamel in individuals who experience bouts of malnutrition during their early years

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7
Q

Gene flow

A

The movement and exchange of genetic material among populations of a species through interbreeding

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8
Q

Harris lines

A

Longitudinal cracks located at the ends of long bones

Indicative of dietary stress during physical development

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9
Q

Kibish Formation

A

Ancient stratum in Ethiopia in which the Omo I and Omo II crania were found

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10
Q

Levallois

A

Stone-tool technology involving the production of consistently shaped flakes from carefully prepared cores

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11
Q

Mitochondrial DNA

A

an extranuclear double-stranded DNA found exclusively in mitochondria that in most eukaryotes is a circular molecule and is maternally inherited

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12
Q

Mousterian

A

The stone-tool tradition of the Neandertals and early anatomically modern human beings

A core and flake technology in which a series of different, standardized tool types were produced from stone flakes struck from cores

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13
Q

Multiregional (regional continuity) model

A

The view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern humans in several regions simultaneously

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14
Q

Musculoskeletal hypertrophy

A

Great size and associated strength in the muscles and bones of a species or individual

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15
Q

Nuclear DNA

A

The genetic instructions contained in the nucleus of the cell

Determine the biological make-up of the organism

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16
Q

Patrilocality

A

A postmarital residence pattern in which the married couple lives with the family of the husband

17
Q

Premodern Homo sapiens

A

Extinct sub-species of humanity that share much in common with modern or anatomically modern Homo sapiens, but who commonly retain primitive skeletal features and possess a somewhat smaller mean cranial capacity than modern people

Also called archaic Homo sapiens

18
Q

Pressure flaking

A

Flaking and shaping a stone tool by the application of precisely focused pressure, often with the pointed tip of an antler

19
Q

Replacement model

A

The view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern humans in one place at one time (usually Africa between 100,00 & 200,000 ya) and spread out from that point of origin, replacing premodern human beings as they encountered them especially in Asia and Europe

20
Q

Tool kit

A

A set of tools used together in performing a single task

Can also refer to the entire range of tools used at a particular site or during a given time period, or produced by a particular group of hominids