Ch. 5 -- The First Humans Flashcards
Anatomically modern Homo sapiens
Human beings anatomically indistinguishable form those living today
Archaic Homo sapiens
Extinct sub-species of humanity that share much in common with modern or anatomically modern Homo sapiens, but who commonly retain primitive skeletal features and possess a somewhat smaller mean cranial capacity than modern people
Also called premodern Homo sapiens
Aurignacian
Lithic tool technology associated with anatomically modern human beings in Europe about 40,000 ya
Includes long, narrow blade tools
Blade
Long, thin stone flakes, commonly twice as long as they are wide
Châtelperronian
Lithic technology including the use of blades that appears to be intermediate in form and time between Mousterian and Aurignacian
Enamel hypoplasia
Medical condition affecting the outside layers of teeth
Horizontal cracks develop on the enamel in individuals who experience bouts of malnutrition during their early years
Gene flow
The movement and exchange of genetic material among populations of a species through interbreeding
Harris lines
Longitudinal cracks located at the ends of long bones
Indicative of dietary stress during physical development
Kibish Formation
Ancient stratum in Ethiopia in which the Omo I and Omo II crania were found
Levallois
Stone-tool technology involving the production of consistently shaped flakes from carefully prepared cores
Mitochondrial DNA
an extranuclear double-stranded DNA found exclusively in mitochondria that in most eukaryotes is a circular molecule and is maternally inherited
Mousterian
The stone-tool tradition of the Neandertals and early anatomically modern human beings
A core and flake technology in which a series of different, standardized tool types were produced from stone flakes struck from cores
Multiregional (regional continuity) model
The view that anatomically modern Homo sapiens evolved from premodern humans in several regions simultaneously
Musculoskeletal hypertrophy
Great size and associated strength in the muscles and bones of a species or individual
Nuclear DNA
The genetic instructions contained in the nucleus of the cell
Determine the biological make-up of the organism