Ch. 9 -- Roots Of Complexity

Question 1

Affluent foragers

Answer 1

People who live in areas where the wild food resource base is so rich and abundant that complexity may develop without the development of food production

Question 2

Chavin

Answer 2

A distinctive art style that developed in western South America beginning about 3000 years ago

Question 3

Chiefdom

Answer 3

A level of socio-political integration more complex than the tribe but less so that the state

Ranked social system, hierarchy of power & prestige, less rigidly structured than state societies

Question 4

Halafian

Answer 4

Culture in Mesopotamia dating from 7500 to 6700 BP

Generally small farming villages

Question 5

Hassunan

Answer 5

Culture in Mesopotamia dating from 8000 to 7200 BP

Small farming villages where subsistence was based on the growing of wheat, barley, peas, and lentils. Supplemented by hunting.

Question 6

Lintel

Answer 6

Horizontal cross-members of the Stonehenge monument

Question 7

Megalithic

Answer 7

Related to the construction of large stone monuments

Question 8

Mesopotamia

Answer 8

The land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq

First cities & complex civilization

Question 9

Olmec

Answer 9

Ancient culture of lowland Mesoamerica

3200 years ago – Produced great earthworks, finely carved jade sculptures, & massive basalt carvings of human heads

Religious iconography seems to have served as a unifying element in ancient Mesoamerica

Question 10

Poverty Point culture

Answer 10

Marked by extensive earthworks

Louisiana – 3600 years ago

Ceremonial center for a geographically widespread culture located across the American South

Shared common h/g subsistence focus, pottery styles, & religious iconography

Question 11

Regal-Ritual Centers

Answer 11

Term used to describe Maya population centers

Home of Maya nobility & served as the central location for Maya religion & ritual

Question 12

Samarran

Answer 12

Neolithic culture of southern Mesopotamia

7500 years ago

Located on flood plains of Tigris & Euphrates Rivers

Evidence of communal works - irrigation canals, fortification walls, & communal grain storage structures

Question 13

Sarsen

Answer 13

The thirty upright stones at Stonehenge

Question 14

Tholoi

Answer 14

A new architectural form seen at Halafian sites in Mesopotamia dating to after 7500 years ago

Communal storage facilities or burial chambers

Question 15

Trilithon

Answer 15

Set of three stones, two uprights and one lintel, at Stonehenge