Ch 5 State of Consciousness

Question 0

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 0

A interdisciplinary field involving cognitive psychology, neurology, biology, computer science, and specialists from other fields who are interested in the connection between mental processes and the brain

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

The process by which the brain creates a model of internal and external experiences

Question 2

Non-conscious processes

Answer 2

Any brain process that does not involve conscious processing, including both preconscious memories and unconscious processes ex. Walking while chewing gum and breathing

Question 3

Preconscious memories

Answer 3

Information that is not currently in consciousness but can be recalled to consciousness voluntarily or after something calls attention to them.

Question 4

Unconscious

Answer 4

A collection of mental processes that operate outside of awareness - but not typically suppressing information or working at odds with consciousness

Question 5

Daydream

Answer 5

A common variation of consciousness in which attention shifts to memories, expectations, desires, or fantasies and away from the immediate situation

Question 6

Circadian rhythms

Answer 6

Physiological patterns that repeat approximately every 24 hours, such as the sleep-wakefulness cycle

Question 7

REM sleep

Answer 7

A stage that occurs approximately every 90mins this is associated with dreaming

Question 8

Non-REM ( NERM) sleep

Answer 8

The recurring periods, mainly associated with the deeper stages of sleep, when a sleeper is not showing rapid eye movement

Question 9

Sleep paralysis

Answer 9

A condition in which a sleeper is unable to move any if the voluntary muscles, except those controlling the eyes. Normally occurs during REM sleep

Question 10

REM rebound

Answer 10

A condition of increased REM sleep caused by REM-sleep deprivation

Question 11

Sleep debt

Answer 11

A sleep deficiency caused by not getting the amount of sleep that one requires for optimal functioning

Question 12

Manifest content

Answer 12

The story line of a dream, taken at face value without interpretation

Question 13

Latent context

Answer 13

The symbolic meaning of events or objects of a dream

Question 14

Activation-synthesis theory

Answer 14

The theory that dreams begin with random electrical activation coming from the brain stem. Dreams, then, are the brain’s attempt to make sense of -to synthesize-this random activity

Question 15

Insomnia

Answer 15

Most common sleep disorder inability to fall asleep quickly, frequent arousals, or early awakening

Question 16

Sleep apnea

Answer 16

A respiratory disorder in which the person intermittently stops breathing many times while asleep

Question 17

Night terrors

Answer 17

Deep sleep episodes that seem to produce terror, although any terrifying mental experience (such as dreams) are usually forgotten upon awaking

Question 18

Narcolepsy

Answer 18

A disorder or REM sleep, involving sleep-onset REM periods and sudden daytime REM-sleep attacks usually accompanied by cataplexy

Question 19

Cataplexy

Answer 19

Sudden loss of muscle control

Question 20

Hypnosis

Answer 20

An induced state of awareness, usually characterized by heightened suggestibility, deep relaxation, and highly focused attention

Question 21

Meditation

Answer 21

A state of consciousness often induced by focusing on a repetitive behavior, assuming certain body position, and minimizing external stimulation

Question 22

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 22

Chemicals that affect mental processes and behavior by their effects on the brain