Ch. 5 Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Achromatopsia

Answer 1

A selective disorder of COLOR perception resulting from a lesion or lesions of the CNS. Color, if perceived at all, tend to be muted.

Question 2

Akinetopsia

Answer 2

A selective disorder of MOTION perception resulting from a lesion or lesions of the CNS. Patients with akinetopsia fail to perceive stimulus movement, created by either a moving object or their own motion, in a smooth manner.

Question 3

Area MT

Answer 3

A region in the visual cortex containing cells that are highly responsible to MOTION. Area MT is part of the dorsal pathway, thought to play a role not only in motion perception but also in representing spatial information.

Question 4

Area V4

Answer 4

A region in the visual cortex containing cells that are thought to process COLOR information.

Question 5

Chemical Senses

Answer 5

The two senses that depend on environmental molecules for stimulation: Taste and Smell.

Question 6

Corpuscle

Answer 6

A globular mass of cells that are part of the somasensory system.

Question 7

Cortical Visual Area

Answer 7

Regions of visual cortex that are identified on the basis of their distinct retinotopic maps. The areas are specialized to represent certain types of stimulus information, and through their integrated activity they provide the neural basis for visually based behavior.

Question 8

Extrastriate Visual Area

Answer 8

Visual areas that lie outside the striate cortex and are considered secondary visual areas because they receive input either directly or indirectly from the primary visual cortex.

Question 9

Fovea

Answer 9

The central region of the retina that is densely packed with cone cells and provides high-resolution visual information.

Question 10

Ganglion Cells

Answer 10

A type of neuron in the retina. Ganglion cells receive input from the photoreceptors (rods & cones) and intermediate cells of the retina and send axons to the thalamus and other subcortical structures.

Question 11

Glomerulus

Answer 11

The neurons of the olfactory bulbs.

Question 12

Hemianopia

Answer 12

A condition resulting from destruction of the primary visual cortex in one hemisphere. The patient is unaware of any VISUAL stimulation presented in the side of space contralateral to the lesion.

Question 13

Inferior Colliculus

Answer 13

A part of the midbrain that is involved in AUDITORY processing.

Question 14

Interaural Time

Answer 14

The difference in time between when a sound reacher each of the two ears. This information is represented at various stages in the auditory pathway and provides an important cue for SOUND localization.

Question 15

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

Answer 15

The thalamic nucleus that is the main target of axons of the optic tract. Output from the LGN is directed primarily to the primary visual cortex.

Question 16

Medial Geniculate Nucleues (MGN)

Answer 16

A collection of cell bodies in the MEDIAL portion of the thalamus involved in processing auditory information.

Question 17

Multisensory Integration

Answer 17

The integration of information from more than one sensory sensory modality. Watching someone speak requires the integration of auditory and visual information.

Question 18

Nociceptors

Answer 18

The somasensory receptors that convey PAIN information.

Question 19

Odorant

Answer 19

A molecule conducted through the air that leads activation of the olfactory receptors and may be perceived as having smell when processed through the olfactory system.

Question 20

Photoreceptor

Answer 20

A specialized cell in the retina that transduces light energy into changes in membrane potential. The photoreceptors are the interface for the visual system between the external world and the nervous system.

Question 21

Primary Auditory Cortex (A1)

Answer 21

The INITIAL cortical processing area of the auditory system.

Question 22

Primary Gustatory Cortex

Answer 22

The initial cortical processing area for GUSTATION, located in the indula and operculum.

Question 23

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Answer 23

The initial cortical processing area for olfaction, located at the ventral junction of the frontal and temporal cotices, near the limbic cortex.