Ch. 3 Studying the Damaged Brain Flashcards
Angiography
An imaging method used to evaluate the CIRCULATORY system in the brain.
Block Design Experiment
An experiment in which the recorded neural activity is integrated over a “block” of time during which the participant is either presented a stimulus or performs a task. The recorded activity pattern is then compared to other blocks that have been recorded while doing the same task or stimulus, a different task or stimulus, or nothing at all.
Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD)
When neurons become more active, this triggers an increase in the amount of oxygenated blood entering local capillaries in the tissue.
Brain Graph
A visual model of the connections within some part of the nervous system.
Brain Lesion
Structural damage to the white or gray matter of the brain.
Cerebral Vascular Accident
A rapid loss of brain function due to a compromise in the blood supply to the brain secondary to arterial occlusion or hemorrhage.
Cognitive Psychology
The branch of psychology that studies how the mind is internally represents the external world and performs the mental computations required for all aspects of thinking.
Computed Tomography (CT or CAT)
A noninvasive neuroimaging method that provides images of internal structures such as the brain. CT is an advanced version of the conventional X-ray.
CT allows for the reconstruction of three-dimensional space from the compressed two-dimensional images through computer algorithms.
Deep-Brain Stimulation (DBS)
The electrical stimulation of brain structures via an implanted electrode. Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, one of the nuclei of the basal ganglia, is used as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease.
Degenerative Disorder
Disorders or diseases, either genetic or environmental, in which the function or structure of the affected tissues will continue to deteriorate over time.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)
A neuroimaging technique employed using an MRI scanner that allows white matter pathways in the brain to be imaged.
Double Dissociation
A method used to develop functional models of mental and/or neural processes. Evidence of a double dissociation requires a minimum of two groups and two tasks.
Electrocortogram (ECoG)
A method to record electrical activity from the CEREBRAL CORTEX by placing ELECTRODES directly on the surface of the brain, either outside the dura or beneath it.
Electroencephalography (EEG)
A technique to measure the electrical activity of the brain. In EEG, surface recordings are made with electrodes places on the scalp. The EEG signal includes endogenous changes in electrical activity (due to changes in arousal) as well as those triggered by specific events (stimuli or movements)
Event-Related Design
A paradigm used in fMRI studies in which the BOLD response can be time-locked to particular stimuli or responses. Such designs require using delays or temporal variation in order to isolate the response to these events.
