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IFSTA Exam Prep > Ch 5. Principles Of Water > Flashcards

Ch 5. Principles Of Water Flashcards

1
Q

Water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen formed when:

A

Two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom

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2
Q

Ordinary freshwater weighs?

A

8.33 lbs

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3
Q

When does water exist in a liquid state?

A

Between 32°F and 212°F

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4
Q

Water may be used to smother fires in what type of combustible liquid?

A

Combustible liquids whose specific gravity is higher than 1

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5
Q

Compared to other common extinguishing agents water has?

A

A greater heat absorbing capacity

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6
Q

When water is converted to steam at 212°F, it expands it’s volume how many times?

A

1,700

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7
Q

Water is a good extinguishing agent, because it is generally both:

A

Inexpensive and readily available

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8
Q

Water has a high surface tension that makes it:

A

Somewhat difficult to soak into dense materials

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9
Q

Wetting agents may be mixed with water to help by:

A

Reduce its surface tension in increase its penetrating ability

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10
Q

Using water near energized electrical equipment is dangerous because it:

A

Is a good conductor of electricity

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11
Q

Force per unit area is a description of:

A

Pressure

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12
Q

A simple measurement of weight is?

A

Force

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13
Q

The first principle of pressure is that:

A

Fluid pressure is perpendicular to any surface on which it acts

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14
Q

The second principle of pressure is:

A

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions

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15
Q

The third principal of water pressure is:

A

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions

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16
Q

The fourth principle of pressure is:

A

The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its depth

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17
Q

The fifth principle of pressure is:

A

The pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the density of the liquid

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18
Q

The sixth principle of pressure is:

A

The pressure of a liquid at the bottom of a vessel is independent of the shape of the vessel

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19
Q

What are characteristics of atmospheric pressure at high altitudes and at low altitudes?

A

Atmosphereic pressure is greatest at low altitudes and leastd at very high altitudes

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20
Q

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is?

A

14.7 psi

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21
Q

Any pressure less than atmospheric pressure in real is referred to as a?

A

Vacuum

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22
Q

The term “absolute zero pressure” refers to having a?

A

Perfect vacuum

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23
Q

The height of a water supply above the discharge orifice is defined as?

A

Head pressure

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24
Q

Stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, hose and adapters is?

A

Static pressure

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25
Q

Pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands is referred to as?

A

Normal operating pressure

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26
Q

The friction caused by water flowing through the pipes, valves and fittings is the difference between static pressure and?

A

Normal operating pressure

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27
Q

The portion of total available pressure not used to overcome friction loss or gravity well forcing water through pipes, fittings, hoses and adapters is referred to as?

A

Residual pressure

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28
Q

The forward velocity pressure while water is flowing from a discharge opening is referred to as?

A

Flow pressure

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29
Q

How is the term “elevation” described in the fire service?

A

The centerline of the pump or the bottom of a static water supply source above or below ground level

30
Q

How is the term altitude used in the fire service?

A

Altitude refers to the position of an object in relation to sea level

31
Q

What occurs when a nozzle is raised above the level of the pump?

A

Pressure loss

32
Q

What occurs when a nozzle is lowered below the level of the pump?

A

Pressure gain

33
Q

 What effect does an increase in height above sea level have on fire department pumpers?

A

Fire department pumpers must work increasingly harder to produce pressures required for affective fire streams

34
Q

Part of the total pressure lost while forcing water through pipe, fittings, fire hose and adapters is referred to as?

A

Friction loss

35
Q

What affect does an improper gasket size have on friction loss in a fire hose?

A

An improper gasket size increases friction loss

36
Q

Friction loss an older hose may be as much as_____percent greater than in new hose?

A

50%

37
Q

The first principle of friction loss is that?

A

If all other conditions are the same, friction loss varies directly with length of hose or pipe

38
Q

The second principle of friction loss is?

A

Friction loss develops much faster than change in velocity

39
Q

The larger the diameter of hose the ____the friction loss?

A

Lower

40
Q

The fourth principle of friction loss is that for a given velocity, friction loss:

A

Is approximately the same, regardless of pressure on the water

41
Q

The diameter of the hose determines the________ for a given volume of water?

A

Velocity

42
Q

Friction loss increases as the length of hose and piping ________?

A

Increases

43
Q

Flow pressure will always be ______near the source of supply and the ________ at the farthest point in the system?

A

Greatest, lowest

44
Q

If velocity is increased beyond practical limits, the friction becomes so great that resistance agitates the entire system, and creates:

A

Critical velocity

45
Q

Friction loss caused by hose length can be reduced by:

A

Reducing the length of the lay

46
Q

When the flow of water for fire fighting needs to be increased, it is usually acceptable to use?

A

Larger diameter hose to reduce friction

47
Q

Employing proper hose handling techniques can usually minimize friction loss caused by:

A

Sharp bends in the hose

48
Q

Water hammer is defined as?

A

The sudden stopping of water moving through a hose or pipe resulting in an energy surge that is transmitted in the opposite direction

49
Q

What can be done to prevent water hammer?

A

Slowly close nozzles, valves, and hose clamps

50
Q

When a large volume of water is needed during a very large fire fighting operation, the fire department can request that the water utility department:

A

increase water pressure

51
Q

From where is the primary water supply obtained?

A

From surface water or ground water

52
Q

What is true about the water needs of a large city?

A

In cities, domestic/industrial requirements far exceed that required for fire protection

53
Q

The means of moving water that uses one or more pumps that take water from the primary source and discharge it throughout the filtration in treatment process is called a?

A

Direct pumping system

54
Q

The means of moving water that uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system is?

A

A gravity system 

55
Q

The fire department main concern regarding treatment facilities is that:

A

Maintenance failure or other events could disable pump stations or severely hamper the purification process

56
Q

A fire hydrant that receives water from only One Direction is known as a?

A

Dead and fire hydrant

57
Q

A distribution system that provides circulating feed from several means constitutes a:

A

Grid system

58
Q

________ are what type of water pipes (mains), with relatively widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points of the system for local distribution to smaller means of a grid system?

A

Primary feeders

59
Q

________ consists of a network of intermediate sized pipes that reinforce the grid within various loops of the primary feeder system and aid the concentration of required fire flow at any point.

A

Secondary feeders

60
Q

________ make up a grid arrangement of smaller means serving individual fire hydrants in blocks of consumers.

A

Distributors

61
Q

What is the function of a valve in a water distribution system?

A

To provide a means for controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping

62
Q

What type of valve shows whether the gate or valve seat is open, closed, or partially closed?

A

Indicating valves

63
Q

What type of valve is commonly used on private water supply systems in which the words open or shut appear in a window as the valve approaches one position or the other?

A

Post indicator valve

64
Q

What type of valve has a yoke on the outside with a threaded stem that controls the gates opening or closing?

A

Outside screw in yoke

65
Q

The most common type of valves used on most public water distribution systems are:

A

Non-indicating valves

66
Q

 What type of control valves are usually used in public water distribution systems?

A

Gate valves

67
Q

Friction loss and water pipes can be reduced by?

A

Flushing hydrants periodically

68
Q

Average daily consumption is defined as?

A

The average amount of water used per day based on the total amount of water used in a water distribution system over the period of one year

69
Q

Where do most private water supply systems get their water?

A

Municipal water systems

70
Q

With a property is served by two sources of water supply for fire protection, the municipal system and a private source consisting of non-potable water, why must the systems remain separate?

A

To prevent cross-contamination

71
Q

What should the fire department do if there is any question about the reliability of a private water supply system or its ability to provide an adequate amount of water for a large scale fire fighting operation?

A

Make arrangements to augment private water supply

IFSTA Exam Prep (20 decks)

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