Ch 5 - Light

Question 1

electromagnetic energy

Answer 1

energy traveling along ant of the frequencies included in the electromagnetic spectrum that includes (from lowest to highest) radio, infrared, visible light, UV, x-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays

Question 2

exposure

Answer 2

the result of light striking photosensitive material, such as photographic film or CCD in video camera

Question 3

lumen

Answer 3

international unit of light emitting from light fixture

Question 4

illuminance

Answer 4

brightness of light as it strikes surface

Question 5

attenuation

Answer 5

weakening of energy wave as it travels

Question 6

reflected light meter

Answer 6

type of light meter that reads intensity of light bouncing off surface (luminance)

Question 7

incident light meter

Answer 7

reads intensity of light emitting from light source

Question 8

contrast

Answer 8

comparison between lightest and darkest objects in frame

Question 9

contrast ratio

Answer 9

numerically compares luminance/brightness reflected off brightest and darkest surface in frame

Question 10

dynamic range

Answer 10

describes range of brightness and darkness that can reproduce

Question 11

waveform monitors

Answer 11

display graphic representation of video signal

Question 12

hard/direct/spotted light

Answer 12

light waves traveling in straight lines, producing light energy that covers limited area with max intensity; results in harsh highlights and dark, hard-edged shadows

Question 13

soft/diffused/flooded light

Answer 13

light waves bent through or bounced off surface, producing light energy that covers broad area; results in less intense highlights and lighter, soft-edged shadows

Question 14

key/fill ratio

Answer 14

brightness relationship between key and fill lights

Question 15

kicker

Answer 15

light to side of and behind subject that highlights hair and gives glamorous look

Question 16

wavelength

Answer 16

measurement of one full cycle of wave

Question 17

cones

Answer 17

cells in retina that are sensitive to brightness and color

Question 18

rods

Answer 18

cells in retina that are sensitive to dim light

Question 19

hue

Answer 19

what color something is

Question 20

brightness

Answer 20

how much light is reflected and how close to complete reflectance or absorption a color is

Question 21

saturation

Answer 21

intensity of hue

Question 22

additive color mixing

Answer 22

creation of color by mixing light (red, blue, green); creates white light

Question 23

subtractive color mixing

Answer 23

system of color mixing based on cyan, magenta, and yellow primaries that form black when mixed

Question 24

color temperature

Answer 24

specific proportion of wavelengths from across the color spectrum within any source of light, measured in kelvin

Question 25

Kelvin

Answer 25

unit of measurement for the color temperature of light

Question 26

existing light

Answer 26

light natural to location (ambient light)

Question 27

added light

Answer 27

light created by instruments that are brought to a location to augment existing light

Question 28

HMI lights

Answer 28

portable lighting instruments designed to match color temp of daylight

Question 29

LED light

Answer 29

light-emitting diode; small component illuminated when supplied with voltage

Question 30

tungsten film

Answer 30

balanced at 3200K, color of quartz bulb

Question 31

daylight film

Answer 31

balanced at 5400K, average of sun’s color temp

Question 32

filters

Answer 32

translucent, colored glass/plastic that absorb some of filter’s complementary colors, making white light close to color of filter

Question 33

three-chip camera

Answer 33

light split into RGB with prism/beam splitter; 3 chips covered with light sensitive pixels; each chip receives one color component

Question 34

beam splitter

Answer 34

device in video/digital still camera that separates incoming light to RGB to be received by imaging chips/tubes

Question 35

chrominance

Answer 35

color info of light

Question 36

white balancing

Answer 36

process in video/digital still cameras that electronically adjusts color of light entering lens so white is neutral and other colors are accurately reproduced

Question 37

neutral density

Answer 37

grey filters/gels that decrease intensity of light without affecting color temperature