Ch 5 - Deviance and Crime

Question 1

deviance

Answer 1

breaking a norm that evokes a negative reaction from others

Question 2

crime

Answer 2

deviance that is against the law

Question 3

law

Answer 3

a norm stipulated and enforced by gov’t bodies

Question 4

formal punishment

Answer 4

penalization by the judicial system for breaking a law

Question 5

informal punishment

Answer 5

a mild sanction that is imposed during face-to-face interaction rather than by the judicial system

Question 6

stigmatization

Answer 6

process of negatively evaluating people because of a marker that distinguishes them from others

Question 7

victimless crimes

Answer 7

violations of the law in which no victim has stepped forward and been identified

Question 8

self-report surveys

Answer 8

surveys in which respondents are asked to report their involvement in criminal activites, either as perpetrators or victims

Question 9

victimization surveys

Answer 9

surveys in which people are asked whether they have been victims of crime

Question 10

street crimes

Answer 10

crimes including arson, break and enter, assault, and other illegal acts disproportionately committed by people from lower classes

Question 11

white-collar crimes

Answer 11

illegal acts committed by respectable, high-status people in the course of work

Question 12

labelling theory

Answer 12

holds that deviance reswults not so much from the actions of the deviant as from the response of others, who label the rule breaker a deviant

Question 13

strain

Answer 13

the result of a culture teaching people to value material success, but society failing to provide enough legitimate opportunities for everyone to succeed

Question 14

control theory

Answer 14

holds that the rewards of deviance and crime are ample. Therefore, nearly everyone would engage in deviance and crime if they could get away with it. The degree to which people are prevented from violating norms and laws accounts for variations in the level of deviance and crime.

Question 15

medicalization of deviance

Answer 15

the process of applying medical definitions to deviant behaviour, a practice that is becoming more prevalent

Question 16

moral panic

Answer 16

widespread fear that occurs when many people fervently believe that some form of deviance or crime poses a profound threat to society’s well-being

Question 17

primary deviance

Answer 17

ppl commit a deviant act but do not get labelled as deviant by authorities

Question 18

secondary deviance

Answer 18

ppl who commit deviant acts and authorities label them as such. can often happen to ppl who are members of a stigmatized group.

Question 19

recidivism rate

Answer 19

the proportion of convicted offenders who commit another crime

Question 20

restorative justice

Answer 20

focuses not on punishment but on rehabilitating offenders through reconciliation with victims and the larger community

Question 21

“diversion”

Answer 21

an alternative procedure similar to restorative justice: i.e. a victim-offender reconciliation program (VORP). to be recommended for such, the offense must be minor.

Question 22

iatrogenic

Answer 22

ivan illich said this: the more you watch someone/the more you’re authoritative over someone, the more extreme length they go to to commit crime

Question 23

legislative reform

Answer 23

an attempt to reduce the # of incarcerated offenders i.e. decriminalizing marijuana possession