Ch. 3 - Socialization

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

the process by which people learn their culture. They do so by 1) entering into and disengaging from a succession of roles and 2) becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others

Question 2

role

Answer 2

a set of behaviours expected of a person occupying a particular position in society

Question 3

self

Answer 3

a set of ideas and attitudes about who one is as an independent being

Question 4

id

Answer 4

Freud’s term for the pleasure-seeking component of the self

Question 5

superego

Answer 5

Freud’s term for the restraining component of the self

Question 6

ego

Answer 6

Freud’s term for the mechanism that balances the id and the superego

Question 7

looking-glass self

Answer 7

Cooley’s description of the way our feelings about who we are depend largely on how we see ourselves evaluated by others

Question 8

I

Answer 8

according to Mead, the subjective and impulsive aspect of the self that is present from birth

Question 9

me

Answer 9

According to Mead, the objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically and learn to take the role of the other

Question 10

significant others

Answer 10

the people who play important roles in the early socialization experiences of children

Question 11

generalized other

Answer 11

According to Mead, a person’s image of cultural standards and how they apply to him or her

Question 12

primary socialization

Answer 12

the process of acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society during childhood. Primary socialization usually takes place in the family.

Question 13

secondary socialization

Answer 13

Socialization outside the family after childhood

Question 14

hidden curriculum

Answer 14

Teaches students what will be expected of them as conventionally good citizens once they leave school

Question 15

Thomas theorem

Answer 15

“Situations we define as real become real in their consequences.”

Question 16

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 16

an expectation that helps bring about what it predicts

Question 17

peer groups

Answer 17

A person’s peer group comprises people who are about the same age and of similar status as that person. The peer group acts as an agent of socialization.

Question 18

status

Answer 18

A recognized social position that an indiviudal can occupy.

Question 19

gender roles

Answer 19

the behaviours associated with widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act

Question 20

resocialization

Answer 20

what occurs when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in a person’s values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes against that person’s will

Question 21

initiation rite

Answer 21

a ritual that signifies the transition of the individual from one group to another and helps to ensure his or her loyalty to the new group.

Question 22

total institutions

Answer 22

settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff

Question 23

anticipatory socialization

Answer 23

learning the norms and behaviours of the roles to which one aspires

Question 24

virtual communities

Answer 24

an association of people scattered across the city or around the world, who communicate via computer about a subject of common interest