Ch. 3 - Socialization Flashcards
socialization
the process by which people learn their culture. They do so by 1) entering into and disengaging from a succession of roles and 2) becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others
role
a set of behaviours expected of a person occupying a particular position in society
self
a set of ideas and attitudes about who one is as an independent being
id
Freud’s term for the pleasure-seeking component of the self
superego
Freud’s term for the restraining component of the self
ego
Freud’s term for the mechanism that balances the id and the superego
looking-glass self
Cooley’s description of the way our feelings about who we are depend largely on how we see ourselves evaluated by others
I
according to Mead, the subjective and impulsive aspect of the self that is present from birth
me
According to Mead, the objective component of the self that emerges as people communicate symbolically and learn to take the role of the other
significant others
the people who play important roles in the early socialization experiences of children
generalized other
According to Mead, a person’s image of cultural standards and how they apply to him or her
primary socialization
the process of acquiring the basic skills needed to function in society during childhood. Primary socialization usually takes place in the family.
secondary socialization
Socialization outside the family after childhood
hidden curriculum
Teaches students what will be expected of them as conventionally good citizens once they leave school
Thomas theorem
“Situations we define as real become real in their consequences.”
self-fulfilling prophecy
an expectation that helps bring about what it predicts
peer groups
A person’s peer group comprises people who are about the same age and of similar status as that person. The peer group acts as an agent of socialization.
status
A recognized social position that an indiviudal can occupy.
gender roles
the behaviours associated with widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act
resocialization
what occurs when powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in a person’s values, roles, and self-conception, sometimes against that person’s will
initiation rite
a ritual that signifies the transition of the individual from one group to another and helps to ensure his or her loyalty to the new group.
total institutions
settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff
anticipatory socialization
learning the norms and behaviours of the roles to which one aspires
virtual communities
an association of people scattered across the city or around the world, who communicate via computer about a subject of common interest
