Ch 4 - From Social Interaction to Social Organizations

Question 1

social interaction

Answer 1

involves people communicating face to face or via computer, acting and reacting in relation to other people. it is structured aroudn norms, roles, and statuses

Question 2

role conflict

Answer 2

occurs when two or more statuses held at the same time place contradictory role demands on a person

Question 3

role strain

Answer 3

occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person in a single status. i.e. flight attendant who has to balance between being “suggestive” and “polite”

Question 4

emotion management

Answer 4

the act of obeying “feeling rules” (societally) and responding appropriately to situations (again, socially constructed)

Question 5

emotional labour

Answer 5

emotion management that many people do as part of their job and for which they are paid (i.e. me being HR, daycamp leader, or hostess)`

Question 6

dramaturgical analysis

Answer 6

views social interaction as a sort of play in which people present themselves so that they appear in the best possible light (Goffman, stage vs shadow)

Question 7

role distancing

Answer 7

involves giving the impression that we are just going through the motions and that we lack serious commitment to a role

Question 8

status cues

Answer 8

visual indicators of a person’s social position

Question 9

stereotypes

Answer 9

rigid views of how members of various groups act, regardless of whether individual group members really behave that way

Question 10

bureaucracy

Answer 10

a large, impersonal organization composed of many clearly defined positions arranged in a hierarchy

Question 11

social network

Answer 11

a bounded set of individuals who are linked by the exchange of material or emotional resources

Question 12

social group

Answer 12

a group composed of one or more networks of people who identify with one another and adhere to defined norms, roles, and statuses

Question 13

social category

Answer 13

a group composed of people who share similar status but do not identify with one another (i.e. coffee drinkers)

Question 14

groupthink

Answer 14

group pressure to conform despite individual misgivings

Question 15

bystander apathy

Answer 15

occurs when people observe someone in an emergency but do not offer help because they feel no responsibility for the incident and justify their inaction by the fact that others are not responding to it (bystander effect)

Question 16

reference group

Answer 16

a group of people against whom an individual evaluates his or her situation or conduct

Question 17

primary group

Answer 17

a social group in which norms, roles, and stautses are agreed on but are not put int o writing ex. family, friends

Question 18

secondary group

Answer 18

a social group that is larger and more impersonal than a primary group ex. sociology class

Question 19

formal organizations

Answer 19

secondary groups designed to achieve specific and explicit objectives

Question 20

cultural humility

Answer 20

a process of reflection and lifelong inquiry. Involves self awareness of personal and cultural biases
The culture you come from is going to influence how you see and interact with other people
Culturally specific
Awareness to significant cultural issues of others

Question 21

in-group/out-group

Answer 21

members of an in-group typically draw a boundary separating themselves from members of the outgroup, and they try to keep out-group members from crossing the line

Question 22

othering/marginalization

Answer 22

treating someone indifferently based on ascribed statuses